Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) have been widely used as drug delivery systems for both small molecules and macromolecules. However, the colloidal stability problem remains unsolved. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) as a stabilizing agent of PLGA NPs. In this study, PLGA NPs were fabricated using various concentrations of SCMC (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5% w/v) by solvent displacement method. SCMC coated NPs were characterized using DLS, FTIR, DSC, colorimetric method. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential values and SCMC adsorption increased with SCMC concentration. FTIR spectra, DSC thermograms and results of colorimetry suggested the interaction of SCMC and PLGA NPs. The stability of SCMC coated PLGA NPs was observed during the storage of three weeks in water. The stability of SCMC coated NPs in serum was also evaluated. Cell viability study revealed that there was no toxicity increased when SCMC was used as a stabilizing agent up to a concentration of 0.1% w/v. SCMC coated PLGA NPs bound A549 cells in a time dependent manner and with a greater extent than uncoated PLGA NPs. In conclusion, SCMC can be used to stabilize PLGA NPs by adsorbing on the surface of NPs.
A hydrogel scaffold is a localized drug delivery system that can maintain the therapeutic level of drug concentration at the tumor site. In this study, the biopolymer hydrogel scaffold encapsulating doxorubicin was fabricated from gelatin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and gelatin/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mixture using a lyophilization technique. The effects of a crosslinker on scaffold morphology and pore size were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and the release profile of doxorubicin from the hydrogel scaffolds were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The anti-proliferative effect of the scaffolds against the lung cancer cell line was investigated using an MTT assay. The results showed that scaffolds made from different types of natural polymer had different pore configurations and pore sizes. All scaffolds had high encapsulation efficiency and drug-controlled release profiles. The viability and proliferation of A549 cells, treated with gelatin, gelatin/SCMC, and SCMC scaffolds containing doxorubicin significantly decreased compared with control. These hydrogel scaffolds might provide a promising approach for developing a superior localized drug delivery system to kill lung cancer cells.
Modification of polymorphic forms of poorly water-soluble drugs is one way to achieve the desirable properties. In this study, glibenclamide (GBM) particles with different polymorphic forms, including a new metastable form, were obtained from redispersion of ternary solid dispersion systems. The ternary solid dispersion systems, consisting of GBM, polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), were prepared by solvent evaporation method and subsequently redispersed in deionized water. The precipitated drug particles were then collected at a given time period. The drug particles with different polymorphic forms could be achieved depending on the polymer/surfactant ratio. Amorphous drug nanoparticles could be obtained by using a high polymer/surfactant ratio, whereas two different crystalline forms were obtained from the systems containing low polymer/surfactant ratios. Interestingly, a new metastable form IV of GBM with improved dissolution behavior could be obtained from the system of GBM:PVP-K30:SLS with the weight ratio of 2:2:4. This new polymorphic form IV of GBM was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and solid state C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The molecular arrangement of the new polymorphic form IV of GBM was proposed. The GBM particles with polymorphic form IV also showed an improved dissolution behavior. In addition, it was found that the formation of the new polymorphic form IV of GBM by this process was reproducible.
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