The findings in our study have shown that ERAS colorectal guideline implementation within a healthcare system resulted in patient outcome improvements, similar to those obtained in smaller standalone implementations. There was a significant beneficial impact of ERAS on scarce health system resources.

Digital infrastructure development and evolution is a topic that has gained increasing interests from researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. Conceptualized as a large scale system transcending boundary of single organisation and involving multiple stakeholders, the evolutionary trajectory of information infrastructure is contingent, unpredictable, and in many cases end up in the so called drifting status quo. Some researchers believe such systems could not be designed but instead should be “cultivated”, a term referring to the process of incremental build and upon something rather than at once and from scratch. This paper explored the four dimensional concept of “architectural knowledge” proposed by Andersson et al. (2008) with the aim to identify additional approaches to cultivation. Using empirical data from a longitudinal and action research project that lasted three years from 2012 to 2014 in building the health information infrastructure in Vietnam, we found out that architectural knowledge could be a powerful lens in understanding generative mechanisms of information infrastructure.

Conducting polymer-based hydrogels (CPHs) are novel materials that take advantage of both conducting polymers and three-dimensional hydrogels, which endow them with great electrical properties and excellent mechanical features. Therefore, CPHs are considered as one of the most promising platforms for employing wearable and stretchable strain sensors in practical applications. Herein, we provide a critical review of distinct features and preparation technologies and the advancements in CPH-based strain sensors for human motion and health monitoring applications. The fundamentals, working mechanisms, and requirements for the design of CPH-based strain sensors with high performance are also summarized and discussed. Moreover, the recent progress and development strategies for the implementation of CPH-based strain sensors are pointed out and described. It has been surmised that electronic skin (e-skin) sensors are the upward tendency in the development of CPHs for wearable strain sensors and human health monitoring. This review will be important scientific evidence to formulate new approaches for the development of CPH-based strain sensors in the present and in the future.

Health Information Systems in developing countries struggle with vicious cycles of lack of information use. Substantial investment has been spent to improve the situation but results are still very limited. Adding to the body of research on strategies and solutions to break out of such cycles, this paper focuses on the effects of making routine data public through mass media and using data to fuel debates on critical health issues. Based on an action research project building a reporting system for accidents and emergencies during the Tet holiday in Vietnam, this paper discuss how making data public can have direct impact on the use and quality of health data in the health system. We discuss and draw implications related to tactics to improve the demand and use of routine health data.

Standards and gateways are important components that play critical roles in information infrastructure (e‐infrastructure) evolution. Surprisingly, little research has been conducted into this area. To fill that gap, we undertook a longitudinal action research study in the health care sector in Vietnam in the period between 2012 and 2015. The empirical work involved designing or cultivating, reconfiguring, (re)assembling multiple socio‐technical components and transforming them into a larger health information infrastructure. To understand how gateways performed in our cases, we employed a concept namely “scaffolded gateways”, which was basically a hybrid between scaffoldings and gateways. We defined it as having three properties: interconnecting, supportive, and evanescent.