Fluoride contamination of groundwater is an emerging problem all over the world. Occurrence of fluoride in groundwater has drawn worldwide care due to its significant influence on human physiology. Fluoride is a vital element, which is good for the teeth enamel and helps to avoid dental and skeletal caries. In excessive doses, it leads to fluorosis. In India most of the people in rural areas are dependent on groundwater for drinking purposes and have a possible chance of developing fluorosis. In the present study, assessment of fluoride hazard of groundwater quality was carried out in Palghat District from January and December 2012. Assessed 64 groundwater sample locations were interpolated using inverse distance weighted (IDW) method in ArcGIS 9.3. The results shows that fluoride contamination in groundwater is high in month of January (>0.87 mg/l) compared to December (>0.69 mg/l). Among the 12 blocks of Palghat District, Kollengode block is highly affected by fluoride contamination in the month of January and Chittur block in December. Groundwater quality of Kollengode and Chittur blocks is highly affected and it is unhealthy for drinking with prior treatment.
Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in urban and rural India. Groundwater is primarily used for various purposes like drinking, washing, irrigation, etc. Groundwater can become contaminated in many ways. The study has been carried out to assess the fluoride in groundwater of Coimbatore district. The secondary data of groundwater has been collected from PWD, Chennai, Tamil Nadu for the years of 2014 to 2018. Geographic information system (GIS) approach is used to develop spatial information and knowledge about fluoride in groundwater quality. Fluoride plays an important role in human metabolism within the permissible limit. But it is exceeded by many activities mainly by the human activities. High level of fluoride cause major impact on human health. It can replace calcium ion in bones and teeth, which can lead to fluorosis. Therefore this study was aimed to identify the high and low risk of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The study revealed that high level of fluoride 2014 (2.83mg/l), 2015 (1.86mg/l), 2016 (3.6mg/l), 2017 (1.56mg/l), and 2018 (1.68mg/l). It provides an understanding into the problem of fluorosis among people in the study area, where fluorosis is a public health problem of significant impact. Ambrampalayam, Puliampatti, Puravaipalayam, Ettimadai, Sirumugai and Therampalayam where the places shows the high level fluoride and people experiences the symptoms of dental fluorosis. There is compulsory need for defluoridation of the groundwater before consumption.
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