This study is designed to evaluate the main factors affecting the bus service quality and customer satisfaction in bus services to travel from Phnom Penh to Poipet which are providing by private companies. It examines and explores the consumer expectation on service quality of bus transport through the SERVQUAL’s 5 dimensions such as tangible, reliability, assurance, empathy, and responsiveness. This research study is intended to collect data from participants to investigate the relationship among five components of service quality and customer satisfaction. The independent variable used throughout this study is overall satisfaction with bus transport service. Independent variables are specific service quality attributes which consist of service given, access, availability, time and environment. From the finding, on interesting finding was that in the question of customer’s reason to use the BTS of private companies in Cambodia, in which “suitable traveling” ranked last among other factor (location convenience, appreciate price, no choice, good service). Also, more than half of the respondents stated they maybe use the BTS again in the future, because there is no choice for them. Therefore, it can be clearly seen that this research was focusing at right point. Despite the fact that half of the respondents rated their satisfaction level of the “poor” level, and nearly half of the respondents rated their satisfaction level in “average” level. Nevertheless, not so many customers preferred to use the BTS because of its service convenience. Service quality is an important consideration in a successful service business. By the time, this research was conducted, the highly competitive market conditions in Cambodia’s bus transport service industry had forced service operators to deliver high-quality service to customers. In order to provide that, the service operators should first focus on understanding customers’ needs and their expectations before implementing the suitable service strategy to meet the customers’ needs.
This study aims to identify and mitigate supply chain risks associated with organic rice in Thailand, based on the principle of supply chain risk management (SCRM). The risk measurement is performed using Best-Worst method (BWM) for ranking the criticality of different factors in order to find the appropriate ways for improving and developing new ideas for supply risk chain management. The study identifies 26 risk factors associated with the organic rice supply chain based on the literature and interviews with four experts. The order of risk priority in the organic rice supply chain in descending order (the top 5) is as follows: Lack of efficient equipment or machinery, Lack of organic rice mill, Lack of labor, Transportation cost, and Production cost. The SCRM guidelines of organic rice in Thailand include cost reduction and investment in infrastructure. .
This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the causal factors that affect dependent variables in the supply chain risk of organic rice in Thailand. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model of the supply chain risk. A questionnaire was used to gather data from a sample of 250 farmers who were certified under the organic agriculture standards in Thailand and the data were analyzed using LISREL 8.80. The Chi-square value of 192.21, a degree of freedom of 167, and a p-value of 0.08828 indicated that the model was consistent with the empirical data. The model was composed of 23 observed variables and 3 latent variables: input, organic agriculture standard, and supply chain risk. Input was found to have a positive and direct effect on organic agriculture standard (coefficient of 0.71), and a negative and direct effect on supply chain risk (coefficient of −0.65). Organic agriculture standard had no effect on supply chain risk.
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