Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by localized increased arterial blood pressure in the lungs, is a slow developing long-term disease that can be fatal. PAH is characterized by inflammation, vascular tone imbalance, pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right-sided heart failure. Current treatments for PAH are palliative and development of new therapies is necessary. Recent and relevant studies have demonstrated that epigenetic processes may exert key influences on the pathogenesis of PAH and may be promising therapeutic targets in the prevention and/or cure of this condition. The aim of the present mini-review is to summarize the occurrence of epigenetic-based mechanisms in the context of PAH physiopathology, focusing on the roles of DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. We also discuss the potential of epigenetic-based therapies for PAH.
The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of folate intake in terms of a TAC elevation for the CC and TT genotypes of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, an increase in folic acid levels for all genotypes, and a reduction in the Hcy levels for the TT genotype in response to an intervention consisting of an intake of 191 µg/d of folate supplied by vegetables.
Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas acerca das condutas para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cujo levantamento bibliográfico dos dados deu-se através da pesquisa em quatro bases de dados/bibliotecas virtuais. Incluíram-se artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados nos últimos dez anos e com o texto completo disponível. Resultados: Foram elegíveis 25 artigos, e foram atribuídos dois eixos temáticos para melhor ilustrar os dados encontrados: o manejo farmacológico e o não-farmacológico. Corticosteroides, progestinas, anamorelina e dronabinol foram os fármacos mais pesquisados para o controle da anorexia, com maiores evidências de eficácia nos 3 primeiros. No contexto não-farmacológico, o aconselhamento nutricional foi a medida mais indicada, incluindo a fortificação de alimentos e uso de suplementos e a nutrição artificial mais controversa. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão podem colaborar para a elaboração de protocolos para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos.
Introduction:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amount and quality of fat consumed habitually by pre-diabetic and normoglycaemic adults. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 233 individuals from the East and West Zones of the municipality of João Pessoa, Northeastern Brazil, was performed. Anthropometric, biochemical, food consumption, and lifestyle data were collected.Results: There were no differences for demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological variables, as well as for the variables of habitual consumption of fat and different types of isolated or associated fatty acids and lifestyle between the two groups. However, different relationships were observed in each group, between fasting blood glucose values and fat consumption, such as: in the pre-diabetic group there was an inverse relationship with fat consumption tertiles in relation to fatty acids (AG) monounsaturated (M) -(15.16 ± 0.65g and 24.11 ± 2.74g) and Index I: S (I: S) -(1.39 ± 0.72g); and positive relationships with the consumption of the w-6: w-3 and w-6: w-9 indexes. In the normoglycemic group, inverse relationships were observed with the consumption of AGM w-3 and the w-3 total fat index and a positive relationship with the consumption of total polyunsaturated AG fats, indexes w-6: w-3, I: S w-6: w-9. Conclusion:It was concluded that there were no differences between the consumption variables for all types of fats between the two groups, but differences were observed in terms of the amounts consumed, especially regarding the indices between fatty acids, when relating these values of consumption in each group with fasting blood glucose values. Therefore, the quantitative needs of different types of fats to prevent the increase or reduction of blood glucose, are possibly different between normoglycemic and pre-diabetic.
BackgroundObesity contributes to several cardiometabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and genetic factors. The methylation profile of genes involved in appetite control and metabolism, such as LEP (leptin) and POMC (proopiomelanocortin) and altered lipid levels can contribute to obesity, and these epigenetic changes have been associated with the effects of diet composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes and lipid profile values after intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil in overweight women.MethodsDouble-blind, placebo, controlled intervention study with 40 overweight adult women. Participants were randomized into four groups for 8 weeks: G1, 300 g of vegetables and 191 µg / day of folate and hazelnut oil; G2, 300 g of vegetables and 191 µg / day of folate and placebo; G3, 300 g of vegetables and 94 µg / day of folate and hazelnut oil; G4, the individuals were only accompanied. In addition to the levels of methylation, food consumption, anthropometric measurements, biochemical variables of lipid profile were evaluated.ResultsAfter the intervention, the participants presented reduction in the methylation levels of the studied genes in the three intervention groups in the LEP gene: G1 (p = 0.00), G2 (p = 0.00) and G3 (p = 0.00); in the POMC gene: G1 (p = 0.01), G2 (p = 0.02) and G3 (p = 0.01), and in the lipid profile, G1 reduced the levels of LDL-c (p = 0.04), HDL-c (p = 0.00) and Triglycerides (p = 0.04); in G3 there was a reduction in total cholesterol levels (p = 0.00), LDL-c (p = 0.00) and HDL-c (p = 0.00), and in G4 there was a reduction in total cholesterol values (p = 0.00), LDL-c (p = 0.00), HDL-c (p = 0.00) and triglycerides (p = 0.00), and also, an association in G2 between the POMC methylation levels with triglycerides (p = 0.00).ConclusionThe study provided evidence of a normocaloric intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil supplementation on the methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes and the role they can play in lipid metabolism.Trial registrationISRCTN, NCT04523532. Registered 21 August 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04523532
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