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The next-generation electric vehicle requires superior safety and high-energy-density batteries for better performance. Currently, solid polymer electrolytes provide better safety, high mechanical stability, and a desirable electrode-toelectrolyte interface in lithium-ion batteries compared to those in conventional battery systems. However, the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes remains challenging at room and low operating temperatures. Herein, we report that incorporating a greener calcium hydroxide (CH) based nanofiller derived from natural waste seashells with polymer electrolyte gives a tremendously increased lithium-ion conductivity of 4.12 × 10 −5 S cm −1 at 25 °C. The cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte (CCPE) was prepared with PEO, LiClO 4 salt, greener nanofiller, and cross-linking monomers via the facile ultraviolet (UV) polymerization technique. The photosensitive vinyl groups of diacrylate and the thio groups of the tetrathiol monomer undergo a thiol−ene click reaction to form a highly cross-linked network with homogeneously distributed LiClO 4 and CH nanofiller. The incorporation of 15 wt % of CH greener nanofiller significantly improved the amorphous phase of the composite electrolyte and showed a wide electrochemical window of 5 V. The fine porous structure of CH greener nanofiller incorporated in the solid-state cross-linked network electrolyte channelizes for smooth lithium-ion mobility. The fabricated full cell exhibits good discharge capacity, of 160 mAh g −1 to 150 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C over 50 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 95 % at 60 °C. Naturally derived, cost-effective greener nanofiller from waste seashells acts as a prominent additive to prepare solid-state electrolytes with high stability in lithium metal batteries.

Electrolyte plays a prominent role in rechargeable batteries as it decides the safety and performance of the device. The commercialized Li-ion battery consists of liquid electrolyte (lithium salt dissolved organic...

Garnet structured solid electrolytes-based lithium metal batteries are the most attractive high energy density electrochemical energy storage candidates for the transportation and grid sectors. Various studies are carried out to address the concerns of lithium garnets as solid electrolytes and improve their electrochemical performance in lithium metal batteries. Interfacial engineering is a widely studied strategy for improving lithium garnet electrolyte-electrode interfacial contact and critical current densities. In the same perspective, microstructural/grain boundary engineering in lithium garnet is an effective strategy for overcoming obstacles and increasing critical current densities (CCD) in lithium metal battery research. The importance of the microstructural properties of the solid electrolyte has been discussed in several investigations. However, a comprehensive overview of the microstructural modification of lithium garnet solid electrolytes and their effect on electrochemical performance is still lacking. This review presents a detailed discussion on the strategies used to modify the microstructure and their impact on performances such as ionic conductivity, interfacial contact, critical current density, dendrite kinetics, etc., of lithium garnet ceramics.