Cross-Linked Polymer Composite Electrolyte Incorporated with Waste Seashell Based Nanofiller for Lithium Metal Batteries

Abstract

The next-generation electric vehicle requires superior safety and high-energy-density batteries for better performance. Currently, solid polymer electrolytes provide better safety, high mechanical stability, and a desirable electrode-toelectrolyte interface in lithium-ion batteries compared to those in conventional battery systems. However, the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes remains challenging at room and low operating temperatures. Herein, we report that incorporating a greener calcium hydroxide (CH) based nanofiller derived from natural waste seashells with polymer electrolyte gives a tremendously increased lithium-ion conductivity of 4.12 × 10 −5 S cm −1 at 25 °C. The cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte (CCPE) was prepared with PEO, LiClO 4 salt, greener nanofiller, and cross-linking monomers via the facile ultraviolet (UV) polymerization technique. The photosensitive vinyl groups of diacrylate and the thio groups of the tetrathiol monomer undergo a thiol−ene click reaction to form a highly cross-linked network with homogeneously distributed LiClO 4 and CH nanofiller. The incorporation of 15 wt % of CH greener nanofiller significantly improved the amorphous phase of the composite electrolyte and showed a wide electrochemical window of 5 V. The fine porous structure of CH greener nanofiller incorporated in the solid-state cross-linked network electrolyte channelizes for smooth lithium-ion mobility. The fabricated full cell exhibits good discharge capacity, of 160 mAh g −1 to 150 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C over 50 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 95 % at 60 °C. Naturally derived, cost-effective greener nanofiller from waste seashells acts as a prominent additive to prepare solid-state electrolytes with high stability in lithium metal batteries.

Investigation of Graphite-based Interfacial Engineering in the Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries with a Garnet-Structured Solid Electrolyte

“…With the challenges posed by global warming and energy shortage, clean and efficient energy storage has become a necessity with more focus driven toward safe and high energy density all-solid-state batteries. , The present lithium-ion battery comprising graphite anode and liquid electrolyte is limited by its low energy density. − Consequently, extensive research has targeted the use of metallic lithium as an anode because of its high theoretical specific capacity . However, the application of metallic lithium anode with liquid electrolyte results in unsafe and performance-sapping lithium dendrite growth during cycling. , To circumvent these issues, solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are regarded as one of the most favorable approaches.…”

Highly stable all-solid-state batteries with Li–LTO composite anode

“…[1][2][3][4][5] However, the use of ammable organic liquid electrolytes in conventional lithium-ion batteries continues to raise safety concerns. [6][7][8][9][10][11] As an alternative to organic liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with solid electrolytes, have benets, such as better electrochemical stability, safety, and long cycle life. Additionally, solid electrolytes allow the use of lithium-metal anode with the highest theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g −1 ) that leads to ASSLBs with high energy density.…”

3D Flexible Electrospun Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte Based on Li1.45Al0.45Ge0.2Ti1.35(PO4)3 for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…In the composite polymer electrolyte, ceramic filler nanoparticles can be differentiated into nonlithium-ion conductive fillers like Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2 and lithium-ion conductive fillers such as lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP), and lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO), which are dispersed in polymer matrices. A Lewis acid–base interaction takes place between the polar groups of the polymer to improve the amorphous nature of the polymer chains and enhance the thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite polymer membrane. − Among all ceramic fillers, the NASICON-structured LATP ceramic gains significant attention owing to its chemical stability at room temperature, high lithium-ion conductivity, easy preparation, and low cost. ,− Various synthesis routes like tape casting, plasticizer extraction, solution casting, phase inversion, hot press, drop casting, and electrospinning were used for developing the composite polymer electrolyte membranes. − The electrospinning method was considered an evolved method for developing a three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous membrane with an interconnected pore structure, which enhances the lithium-ion pathway in the composite polymer electrolyte.…”