Resumo-Com objetivo de estudar o comportamento de mudas de três espécies de eucalipto produzidas em dois tamanhos de recipientes, foram instalados dois experimentos no viveiro florestal da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, campus Cruz das Almas, ambos em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, esquema fatorial 3 x 2, (três espécies e dois tamanhos de tubetes), com 4 repetições. O primeiro experimento foi referente a produção das mundas no viveiro e o segundo consistiu na simulação de campo. As características avaliadas foram: altura, diâmetro, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca do sistema radicular e percentagem de deformação de raízes. As mudas de todas as espécies produzidas em tubetes de 180 cm³ apresentaram maior crescimento para todas as variáveis avaliadas, podendo ser levadas para o campo mais cedo, diminuindo o seu ciclo de produção no viveiro. Nos tubetes de maior volume (180 cm³) as mudas ficam aptas para o plantio aos 60 dias, enquanto as provenientes de tubetes de menor volume (55 cm³) atingem o padrão mínimo exigido para o plantio no campo aos 120 dias. No experimento de simulação de campo foi verificado que mudas produzidas em tubetes de 55 cm³ apresentaram menor crescimento em altura e diâmetro, menor massa seca da parte aérea e raiz e maior número de deformações de raízes, independente da espécie avaliada. Growth and seedling production cycle of Eucalyptus in containers of two different sizes

Senegalia bahiensis (Fabaceae family, Mimosoideae subfamily) is typical of an anthropic environment, and thus tolerates high levels of disturbance, which supports its use in restoration planting. However, widespread use and marketing of S. bahiensis seeds requires seed quality control, for which there is a dearth of protocols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and photoperiod on the germination of Senegalia bahiensis seeds from different matrix trees. Seeds were collected from fruits of 15 matrix trees in the municipality of Castro Alves, Bahia, Brazil. Two assays were performed, one for each parameter tested. The experimental design of both assays was completely randomized in a factorial design, and included three replicates of 25 seeds. The design of the first assay was 15 (matrix trees) × 3 (conditions - 25°C, 30°C and alternating temperatures between 25 and 30°C) and the design of the second assay was 14 (matrix trees) × 3 (conditions - 8 or 12 hours of light, or continuous light). The percentage of germination of normal seedlings, germination speed index, mean root length based on total seed number, shoot length, root length and total length were determined. The Tukey's test was used to compare mean values. The S. bahiensis matrix trees used in this study have different requirements in terms of temperature and photoperiod for seed germination. According to our findings, combining a temperature of 30°C and an 8 h period of light conveys the most suitable conditions to conduct germination tests for most matrix trees.

Carpotroche brasiliensis (RB) A. Gray (Achariaceae) is a native tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with great potential provide natural forest products in agroforestry systems. The oil of its seeds contains medicinal and cosmetic properties, and the fruits are appreciated by wild animals. In this study, we analyzed the biometry of fruits and seeds collected from naturally-grown trees in agroforestry systems on small farms in southern Bahia, Brazil. Fresh fruit mass (FFM), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), number of seeds per fruit (NSF), total fresh seed mass per fruit (FSMF), total dry mass of seeds per fruit (DMSF), and mass of 1,000 seeds (MTS) were collected from 66 fruits of 18 trees on six rural properties. Seed length (SL) and seed diameter (SD) were also evaluated for 5335 seeds. From this sample universe, 697 seeds represented an adequate sample size to measure these dimensions with statistical precision. The fruits analyzed in this study had uniform values for most of the biometric variables among the sites. The average values of NSF, FFM, and MTS were approximately 88 seeds, 0.5 kg, and 1.3 kg, respectively. Seeds of C. brasiliensis obtained from freshly-harvested fruits had high water content, with an average of more than 45%. Strongly significant correlations between FFM and FD and between FMSF and DMSF indicate the possibility of developing simple procedures to estimate seed pro-duction for commercial purposes from field evaluations

We conducted a study to assess the morphometric attributes of Genipa americana fruit, and their relationship with variations in elevation and distances between sampling sites on the southern coast of Bahia, Brazil. Eight fruit were used per sampling site (ten sites; n = 80). Mantel’s test revealed that the spatial distance between sample sites, and elevation of all sampling sites were significantly correlated with the similarities found in fruit diameter (DF), fruit length (FL), and fresh fruit mass (FFM), but the spatial distance between sites, independently of the elevation, was only correlated with the number of seeds per fruit (NSF) and total fresh mass of seeds per fruit (FMSF). The morphometric attributes of fruits, and their associated relationships with elevation and distance between sampling sites are demonstrated.

No abstract

Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The consequences of such forest loss in remaining populations can be investigated with several approaches, including the genomic perspective, which allows a broader understanding of how human disturbance influences the genetic variability in natural populations. In this context, our study investigated the genomic responses of Euterpe edulis Martius, an endangered palm tree, in forest remnants located in landscapes presenting different forest cover amount and composed by distinct bird assemblage that disperse its seeds. We sampled 22 areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in four regions using SNP markers inserted into transcribed regions of the genome of E. edulis, distinguishing neutral loci from those putatively under natural selection (outlier). We demonstrate that populations show patterns of structure and genetic variability that differ between regions, as a possible reflection of deforestation and biogeographic histories. Deforested landscapes still maintain high neutral genetic diversity due to gene flow over short distances. Overall, we not only support previous evidence with microsatellite markers, but also show that deforestation can influence the genetic variability outlier, in the scenario of selective pressures imposed by these stressful environments. Based on our findings, we suggest that, to protect genetic diversity in the long term, it is necessary to reforest and enrich deforested areas, using seeds from populations in the same management target region.

The ethanol test supplies information on physiological problems related to seed deterioration. The test optimization is crucial for its application in the seed analysis routine. This study aimed to evaluate vigor test for Plathymenia reticulataseeds based on ethanol production in order to establish execution guidelines and verify its relationship with other seed vigor tests. Seed lots were subjected to germination and vigor tests, and seed coat evaluation. Ethanol production assessment was carried out based on two trials testing water volumes for imbibition (0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.00; and 1.25 mL), reading periods (2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h), and seed quantities (5, 10, and 15). There was a distinction in physiological potential between the lots, indicated by the ethanol test and other traditionally used tests. The ethanol test was efficient for vigor assessment in Plathymenia seeds, as were the other vigor tests, when conducted with 15 seeds imbibed in a volume of water 2.5 times their mass for 48 h. The vigor test based on ethanol production proved reliable and it is recommended for use in a system of seed production and commercialization in nurseries and forestry companies.

Introdução: A visão integradora do meio ambiente permite estabelecer diversos aspectos relevantes de discussão, entre os quais destaca-se o ser humano enquanto parte do meio ambiente, e que qualquer intervenção em uma dessas esferas, podem gerar efeitos positivos ou negativos para o mesmo. Diante da definição de meio ambiente com perspectiva integradora, é importante destacar o papel importante da compreensão dessa definição, considerando que o pertencimento do ser humano ao meio ambiente pode direcionar posturas alinhadas com ações de uso e exploração racional de recursos naturais, bem como ações cidadãs participativas no contexto político ambiental. Nesse sentido, o contexto caótico de problemáticas ambientais requer políticas que auxiliem a mudança da realidade, através da incorporação de uma percepção ambiental por parte da sociedade. Objetivo: Propor instrumento de diagnóstico da compreensão sobre o conceito e importância do meio ambiente, dos discentes do Instituto Federal da Bahia - Campus Seabra, para subsidiar ações educativas no contexto ambiental. Material e métodos: Para atingir o objetivo proposto, será estruturado questionário com proposições, conforme três eixos norteadores de diagnóstico de percepção ambiental: i) Identificação da compreensão integradora dos meios físico, biótico e social do meio ambiente; ii) Caracterização do nível de conhecimento ambiental da realidade local do discente e iii) Capacidade de contextualização das perspectivas ambientais no cenário socioeconômico. Resultados: O questionário foi elaborado com quatros proposições quantitativas: 1) O que você compreende por meio ambiente; 2) Você já estudou sobre o conceito de meio ambiente; 3) Você acredita que o meio ambiente interfere no desenvolvimento social e econômico do país; 4) O artigo 225 da constituição federal, se aplica na sua região. Além disso, foram pautadas duas proposições qualitativas: 1) Você sabe quais órgãos do governo que estão relacionados ao meio ambiente; 2) Você consegue identificar os problemas ambientais na cidade? Conclusão: O questionário elaborado tem potencial de promover a construção de material científico que direcione ações de educação ambiental formal.