The Passiflora L. genus covers a diversity of wild species with ornamental potential, especially due to the intrinsic beauty of its exotic flowers, flowering more than once a year and the lush foliage. However, Passiflora seeds present dormancy complicating seed germination and the establishment of commercial plant production with species with high ornamental potential. This study was conducted to determine the best pre-germination treatments to overcome seed dormancy for Passiflora quadrangularis, P. nitida, P. foetida, P. eichleriana, P. alata, P. cincinnata, P. mucronata, P. micropetala, P. suberosa, P. morifolia and P. tenuifila. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replicates, with 25 seeds per plot. Pre-germination treatments were: seeds soaked in 1,000 mg L -1 GA 3 (gibberellic acid) for 6 hours, seeds soaked in 0.2 % KNO 3 (potassium nitrate) for 24 hours, seeds soaked in 1 % KNO 3 for 24 hours, partial seedcoat scarification with sandpaper number 120 and control (seeds untreated). Percentage of germination, germination velocity index and radicle length were evaluated for all species. The results showed that GA 3 was effective to overcome seed dormancy in P. suberosa (86%), P. morifolia (68 %) and P. tenuifila (54%). KNO 3 1% had significant effect on overcoming dormancy in seeds of P. eichleriana (66%) and scarification with sandpaper increased seed germination of P. micropetala (38%). Keywords: Passiflora, germination, vigor, gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, mechanical scarification RESUMO Tratamentos pré-germinativos para a quebra de dormência de sementes de espécies ornamentais de maracujá O gênero Passiflora L. abrange uma diversidade de espécies selvagens com potencial ornamental, especialmente devido à beleza intrínseca de suas flores exóticas, florescer mais do que uma vez por ano e a folhagem exuberante. No entanto, sementes de Passiflora apresentam dormência, dificultando a germinação das sementes e o estabelecimento de produção comercial de plantas com espécies com elevado potencial ornamental. Este estudo foi realizado para determinar o melhor tratamento pré-germinativo visando superar a dormência das sementes das espécies Passiflora quadrangularis, P. nitida, P. foetida, P. eichleriana, P. alata, P. cincinnata, P. mucronata, P. micropetala, P. suberosa, P. morifolia e P. tenuifila. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, com 25 sementes por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: pré-germinação das sementes embebidas em 1.000 mg L -1 de GA 3 (ácido giberélico) durante 6 horas, sementes embebidas em 0,2% de KNO 3 (nitrato de potássio) durante 24 horas, sementes embebidas em 1% de KNO 3 durante 24 horas, escarificação mecânica com lixa número 120 e Controle (sementes não tratadas). Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e o comprimento radicular para todas as espécies. Os resultados mostraram que o GA 3 foi eficaz para quebrar a dormência da seme...

This work was carried out with the objective of performing a molecular and aggressiveness characterization of F. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae collected in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Amazon biomes. We selected the most aggressive isolates for use in breeding programs aiming resistance to Collar Rot and Fusariosis. For inoculation of the isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae the washed root method was used. The molecular characterization of the isolates was carried out by partial sequencing of the Transcribed Internal Spacer of the rDNA region. The isolates of F. solani formed two distinct groups in relation to aggressiveness. Among all isolates, FSUNEMAT 40 and FSUNEMAT 46 were the most aggressive. The model with K=2 was taken as the best model to explain the genetic structure of the F. solani populations, with clear combinations of genes from both gene pools. There were three groups with respect to the aggressiveness of the isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae, with the isolated FOUNEMAT 22 being the most aggressive. In view of these results, the isolates of F. solani collected in P. edulis in the state of Mato Grosso presented a high molecular variability independent from the biome of origin, and this was also observed in the tests of aggressiveness. The results indicate the need to consider the molecular variability and the aggressiveness of the pathogens in the evaluation of genotypes of sour passion fruit in programs of selection of resistant cultivars.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of the teak germplasm bank, using morphological traits and inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Thirty clones were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, and each plot was composed of three plants. A joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables was performed using the Gower algorithm. Quantitative, qualitative, and molecular variables were analyzed simultaneously using the Ward-MLM procedure. There is genetic variability among the 30 teak genotypes studied, considering the quantitative, qualitative, and molecular variables by the Ward-MLM statistical procedure. Morphological traits used proved to be efficient for the study of genetic variability; however, it was not possible to compose a descriptor table for clonal teak genotypes based on the traits evaluated. The Gower method was efficient in discriminating the groups, demonstrating that the simultaneous analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is feasible and can allow greater efficiency in the knowledge of the variability among teak genotypes. The genotype 22 showed to be the most divergent compared to the other genotypes, except for the cluster of genotypes by the UPGMA method based on the Gower distance obtained by the Ward-MLM procedure, which formed a group with genotypes 9 and 30, in the morphological and molecular analyses and was grouped alone.

RESUMO:O valor ornamental das passifloras é atribuído especialmente à exuberância das flores, com suas formas, cores e tamanhos diversificados. Entre as espécies de Passiflora que apresentam potencial ornamental destaca-se a Passiflora suberosa L., que ocorre em regiões de cerrados, de florestas pluviais montanhosas, submontanhosas e de restingas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e tempos de imersão em água, na germinação de sementes de P. suberosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 11 tratamentos, gerados da combinação de cinco temperaturas (30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 ºC), dois tempos de imersão das sementes (5 e 15 minutos) em água aquecida e uma testemunha (sem tratamento), com quatro repetições, sendo 25 sementes por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, primeira contagem e porcentagem acumulada de germinação. Os resultados obtidos e analisados permitiram concluir que o melhor tratamento para superação de dormência é imersão em água destilada a 50 ºC por 5 minutos.

-The aim of this work was to estimate the genetic divergence among Passiflora accessions based on morphophysiological seed characteristics. Accessions were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four replicates of 25 seeds. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means grouped by the Scott-Knott method. The genetic diversity was studied according to the Tocher and UPGMA grouping method based on the Mahalanobis distance (D 2 ) and Canonical Variables. In the cluster analyzes, four groups were formed by the UPGMA and Canonical Variables methods. In the Tocher Optimization method, seven groups were formed. of P. eichleriana, P. suberosa, P. edulis and P. foetida accessions presented the best results for the seed characteristics under study, being indicated for interspecific crosses aiming the selection of materials that present less dormancy and with more vigorous seeds.

The genetic diversity of pepper genotypes is usually evaluated based on morphological and molecular descriptors. However, studies using biochemical descriptors of peppers are still incipient. Thus, the objective of this study was identify biochemical descriptors of Capsicum spp. with antioxidant action, most responsive to the selection of superior genotypes, and evaluate the correlation between concentrations of the parameters using principal components analysis. The experiment was conducted in the city of Cáceres, southwest Mato Grosso, Brazil. Seventy-eight pepper accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of UNEMAT were planted in randomized block design. The harvested fruits were immersed in liquid nitrogen for two minutes, and the following biochemical analyses were performed: titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and antioxidant activity. Biochemical descriptors that best estimated the genetic variability of the accessions were flavonoids, total phenols, chlorophyll a, and ascorbic acid. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were the compounds that showed the highest degree of correlation. Except chlorophyll a with ascorbic acid, all other vectors showed correlation ranging from moderate to strong.

RESUMO:O funcho (Foeniculum vulgare) é uma espécie medicinal nativa da Europa e amplamente cultivada em todo o Brasil. Possui propriedades carminativas, digestivas e diuréticas. Dada a grande importância dessa espécie no âmbito medicinal, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de funcho. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas temperaturas sendo uma constante de 20ºC e outra alternada de 25-30 °C e três diferentes substratos: papel mata borrão (Germitest), areia e vermiculita, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com 4 repetições de 25 sementes. Foi avaliado o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), porcentagem de germinação (PG), comprimento da radícula (CR), massa fresca (MF) e seca (MS) de plântulas. A temperatura de 20 ºC proporcionou maiores IVG, porcentagens de germinação, comprimento de radícula e massa seca. A germinação de sementes de funcho não foi influenciada pelos diferentes substratos testados. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que a condição que permitiu maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes de funcho foi a temperatura de 20 °C atingindo 91% de germinação. Palavras chaves: Funcho, planta medicinal, germinação.ABSTRACT: Effects of substrate and temperature on the germination of Foeniculum vulgare seeds. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a medicinal plant native to Europe that is widely cultivated throughout Brazil. It has carminative, digestive, and diuretic properties. Given the great importance of this species in medicine, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different substrates and temperature on the germination of fennel seeds. The treatments consisted of two temperatures -one a constant 20°C, and the other alternating from 25 to 30°C -and three different substrates: blotting paper (Germitest), sand, and vermiculite, in a 3 x 2 factorial with four replications of 25 seeds. The germination speed index (GSI), percentage of germination (PG), radicle length, and fresh (FM) and dry mass (DM) of seedlings were evaluated. The 20°C temperature resulted in higher GSI, germination percentage, root length and dry mass. The fennel seed germination was not influenced by the different substrates tested. From the results, we concluded that the condition that allowed greatest percentage of fennel seed germination temperature was 20°C, reaching 91% germination.

Fusariosis and base rot, caused by the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae and F. solani, respectively, seriously damage the cultivation of sour passion fruit in Brazil. This work aims to obtain and evaluate F1 hybrids of Passiflora spp. wild plants resistant to fusariosis and base rot using genotypes of P. edulis (commercial species) and certify interspecific hybridizations using microsatellite markers. Hybridizations were performed using a P. edulis female parent and P. nitida and P. mucronata male parents for crosses aiming fusariosis resistance, and P. nitida, P. cincinnata and P. quadrangularis for hybridizations aiming tolerance to base rot. 35 microsatellite markers were used to confirm hybridization. The washed roots method was used for fusarium resistance tests and inoculation procedure with a mycelium disk fixed on a small wound on the plant stem for base rot. The interspecific hybridizations provided 49 potentially hybrid genotypes. Confirmation of hybridization by microsatellite marker was verified for 57% of the analyzed genotypes. The hybrids 115-1, 115-3, 115-4, 115-5, 115-6, 115-7, 115-9 and 128 are indicated as promising genotypes for a new stage of the breeding program. In the resistance evaluation of 13 F1 hybrids to F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, the genotypes 142 and 143-2 were selected as the most resistant to continue the breeding program.