The present study provides historical and new records of the introduced millipedes species in Brazil, Oxidus gracilis (C.L. Koch, 1847), Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860) (Paradoxosomatidae), Prosopodesmus jacobsoni Silvestri, 1910 (Haplodesmidae), Trachyjulus calvus (Pocock, 1893a), Glyphiulus granulatus (Gervais, 1847) (Cambalopsidae), Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais, 1842), Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876), Epitrigoniulus cruentatus (Brölemann, 1903) (Pachybolidae), Paraspirobolus lucifugus (Gervais, 1837) (Spirobolellidae), Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891), Cylindroiulus truncorum (Silvestri, 1896) (Julidae), and Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894) (Siphonotidae). Among the 27 federative units in Brazil, 21 states present at least one record of a non-native species. Orthomorpha coarctata was the most widely distributed species, occurring in 15 states. Glyphiulus granulatus (state of Rio Grande do Sul), C. truncorum (São Paulo), and R. purpureus (Amazonas) were recorded from only one Brazilian state. The Southeast region concentrates most of the compiled records (42,6%) and richness by grid (5-7 species), mainly in urban areas of the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

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The millipede Chondromorpha xanthotricha, supposedly native to Sri Lanka and southern India, is considered a pantropical species occurring in Southeast Asia, North America, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America. Here we report the first record of this species for Brazil, in the central Amazon region of the country, with taxonomic notes and images of male and female specimens.

Belostomatidae is a family of giant water bugs with 52 valid species in Brazil. Here, we list 33 valid species housed in the Invertebrates Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, Brazil. Of the total species examined, 26 had their distributional ranges increased (new records provided in parentheses): Belostoma amazonum Estévez & Polhemus (Mato Grosso and Roraima); B. aurivillianum (Montandon) (Rondônia); B. bosqi De Carlo (Maranhão); B. candidulum Montandon (Mato Grosso do Sul); B. carajaensis Ribeiro & Estévez (Amazonas); B. dallasi De Carlo (Bahia and Pará); B. dentatum (Mayr) (Roraima); B. denticolle Montandon (Roraima); B. dilatatum (Dufour) (Maranhão); B. discretum Montandon (Rio Grande do Sul); B. elongatum Montandon (Paraná); B. estevezae Ribeiro & Alecrim (Amazonas); B. fittkaui De Carlo (Roraima); B. gestroi Montandon (Pará); B. guianae Lauck (Brazil, in Roraima); B. micantulum (Stål) (Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia and Roraima); B. minusculum (Uhler) (Brazil, in Amazonas, Pará and Rio Grande do Norte); B. parvum Estévez & Polhemus (Amazonas and Roraima); B. plebejum (Stål) (Roraima); B. pygmeum (Dufour) (Pará); B. ribeiroi De Carlo (Mato Grosso do Sul); B. stollii (Amyot & Serville) (Roraima); Horvathinia pelocoroides Montandon (Rondônia); Lethocerus annulipes (Herrich-Schaeffer) (Maranhão, Paraíba and Paraná); L. delpontei De Carlo (Amazonas and Pará) and L. maximus De Carlo (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas and Roraima). In addition, we provide a list of type and non-type specimens of Belostomatidae from INPA’s collection identified to the species level, photographs of these species and relevant taxonomic notes, when available.

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The northern South American genus Haematotropis Jeekel, 2000 is shown to presently encompass 21 species, all duly redescribed, illustrated, keyed, and mapped, including 13 new species: H. amazonica sp. nov. (Amazonas, Brazil), H. aripuanensis sp. nov. (Mato Grosso, Brazil), H. callyi sp. nov. (French Guiana), H. dentata sp. nov. (Maranhão, Brazil), H. disjunctoides sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil), H. goeldii sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil), H. jurutiensis sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil), H. driki sp. nov. (Amazonas, Brazil), H. melgacensis sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil), H. mosaica sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil), H. paraensis sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil), H. poranga sp. nov. (Pará, Brazil) and H. tysoni sp. nov. (Amazonas, Brazil). New characters are used in all descriptions and redescriptions. Aphelidesmus guianensis Chamberlin, 1923, the type species of Ochrotropis Jeekel, 2000, is a new junior synonym of Aphelidesmus divergens Chamberlin, 1918, comb. nov. ex Ochrotropis in Haematotropis.

The monotypic taxon Xanthotropis n. gen. is established to accommodate Haematotropis media Golovatch, Hoffman & Spelda, 2004, known only from the vicinity of Manaus, Brazil, as it is incompatible with both its originally assigned genus and Aphelidesmus Brölemann, 1898, a suggested alternative. Xanthotropis is defined primarily by minute teeth on paranota 2–4, a sublinear posterior margin of the telson, and an elongated, distally expanded/laminate acropodite. The Aphelidesmidae Brölemann, 1916, range from northeastern Mexico and Tobago to northern Brazil and southwestern Peru; a questionable more-northerly record, from Monterey, Mexico, requires verification with fresh material. One of two families of the polydesmidan superfamily Platyrhacoidea (Leptodesmidea), Aphelidesmidae comprises two subfamilies, the nominate and Amplininae Hoffman, 1954. The latter has been addressed by several authors, and we here review Aphelidesminae by providing full synonymies, a literature review, and a key to its four genera: Aphelidesmus Brölemann, 1898; Haematotropis and Ochrotropis, both by Jeekel, 2000; and Xanthotropis n. gen.