Introduction: Precise knowledge of variations in arterial vascularization of the abdominal viscera is important for systematization of radiological and surgical anatomy in animals that serve as experimental models and in domestic animals. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the origin and main branches of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in rabbits. Materials and Methods: The anatomical dissections were performed in 30 cadavers of adult rabbits, 15 males and 15 females. Results: The cranial mesenteric artery arose as a single artery in all females and males. The average length of the cranial mesenteric artery in females was 2.63 cm and originated at the level oflst lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) animals, between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in four (26.67%), on the 2nd lumbar vertebra in seven (46.67%), between 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%) and at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%). The average length of the cranial mesenteric artery in males was 2.56 cm and originated at the level of1st lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) animals, between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%), at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra in eight (53.33%), between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra in three (20%). The main ramifications of the cranial mesenteric artery were the caudal pancreatic duodenal, middle colic, jejunal and ileocecocolic arteries. The caudal mesenteric artery arose as a single artery in all females and males. The average length of the caudal mesenteric artery in females was 0.846 cm and originated at the level of 5th lumbar vertebra in three (20%) animals, between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%), at the level of the 6th lumbar vertebra in seven (46.67%), %), between the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) and at the level of the 7th lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%). The average length of the caudal mesenteric artery in males was 0.79 cm and originated at the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) animals, between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%), at the level of the 6th lumbar vertebra in seven (46.67%), between the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebra in four (26.67%) and at the level of the 7th lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%). The caudal mesenteric artery arises from the aorta, originating the cranial rectal and left colic arteries. Conclusion: No relation was observed between the mesenteric length and the rostrum-sacral length in rabbits. The origin of the cranial and caudal mesenteric artery is not gender dependent.

Origem e principais ramificações da artéria celíaca em avestruz (Struthio camelus, Linnaeus, 1758)* Origin and main ramifications of the celiac artery of the ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linnaeus, 1758

The origin and distribution of the obturator nerves at both sides were studied in 33 newborns goats of the Saanen breed, 22 males and 11 females. These specimens were collected after natural death and submitted to fixation in a 10% formaldehyde solution. In males the obturator nerves arose from the ventral branch of the fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves in 13 animals (59.09%), in two (9.09%) arose from the ventral branch of the fifth lumbar spinal nerves, in two (9.09%) arose from the ventral branch of the sixth lumbar spinal nerves, in three (13.64%) arose from the ventral branch of the fourth and fifth lumbar spinal nerves and in one (4.55%) arose from the ventral branch of the sixth lumbar spinal nerves and the ventral branch of the first sacral spinal nerves. In females, the obturator nerves arose from the ventral branch of the fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves in five animals (45.45%), in one (9.09%) arose from the ventral branch of the sixth lumbar spinal nerves, in four (36.36%) arose from the ventral branch of the fourth and fifth lumbar spinal nerves and in one arose from the ventral branch of the fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves. There was involvement of the femoral and sciatic nerves in the formation of the obturator nerve. In all animals, the right and left obturator nerves were distributed in differents branches to the adductor, pectinius, gracil, internal and external obturator muscles. There were no significant differences among the frequencies of origin (p=0.49) and muscular branches (p=0.33) of the obturator nerves in both sexes and antimeres.Keywords: Obturator nerves, Saanen, variation. ResumoForam estudadas a origem e a distribuição dos nervos obturatórios, de ambos os antímeros, em 33 caprinos neonatos da raça Saanen, 22 machos e 11 fêmeas. Após morte natural, foram submetidos à fixação em solução de formaldeído a 10%. O nervo obturatório teve sua origem a partir dos ramos ventrais do quinto e sexto nervos espinhais lombares em 13 machos (59,09%) e em cinco fêmeas (45,45%), do ramo ventral do quinto nervo espinhal lombar em dois machos (9,09%), do ramo ventral do sexto nervo espinhal lombar em dois machos (9,09%) e em uma fêmea (9,09%), dos ramos ventrais do quarto e quinto nervos espinhais lombares em três machos (13,64%) e em quatro fêmeas (36,36%), dos ramos ventrais do sexto nervo espinhal lombar e primeiro nervo espinhal sacral em um macho (4,55%), dos ramos ventrais do quinto e sexto nervos espinhais lombares e primeiro nervo espinhal sacral em um macho (4,55%) e dos ramos ventrais do quarto, quinto e sexto nervos espinhais lombares em uma fêmea (9,09%). Houve participação dos nervos femorais e isquiáticos para formação do nervo obturatório O nervo obturatório cedeu em todos os animais e em ambos os antímeros, ramos variáveis para os músculos adutor, pectíneo, grácil, obturador externo e parte intrapélvica do obturador externo. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as frequências da origem (p=0,49) e de ramos musculares (p=0,33) dos nervos obtur...

Didelphis aurita is a marsupial with wide distribution in the South American continent and highly adapted to urban centers. The objective of this study was to describe the measurements and skeletopy of the kidneys and renal vascularization of this species. With this aim, 29 cadavers (14 males and 15 females) of D. aurita collected on highways were analyzed. The rostrum-sacral length of specimens, kidney measurements (length, width and thickness) and the length of the renal vessels were measured and the renal skeletopy registered. In the right kidney, average length, width, thickness and ellipsoid volume were 28.6±5.0 mm, 15.6±2.9 mm, 12.8±3.0mm e 3.3±2.4cm 3 , respectively; in the left kidney, 31.0±3.8 mm, 14.5±3.6 mm, 12.6±2.6 mm e 3.2±2.2cm 3 , respectively. There was no significant difference in the comparison of averages of renal dimensions between sexes and between antimeres. The right renal artery (13.2±2.6 mm) was significantly longer (p < 0.01) than the left renal artery (10.7±2.3mm). Oposely, the left renal vein (13.9±3.5 mm) was longer (p < 0.01) than the right renal vein (7.0±2.3 mm). The skeletopy of the right kidney predominated between T13-L1 in 58.6% of the cases and the skeletopy of the left kidney between L1-L3 in 41.4%. The average length of the kidneys corresponded to 6 to 8% of the rostrum-sacral length of the specimens. The data of the present study characterized the measurements and topography of kidneys and renal vessels in D. aurita and can support the interpretation of clinical, experimental and pathological findings in this species.

RESUMO.-As artérias mesentéricas das aves são importantes para a irrigação do aparelho digestório e encontram-se associadas ao ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Objetivou-se descrever as origens, esqueletopias, medidas e principais ramificações das artérias mesentéricas cranial The mesenteric arteries of birds are important for the irrigation of the digestive tract and are associated with weight gain and food conversion. This study aimed to describe the origins, skeletopy, measures and main branches of cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in ostriches. Forty-one cadavers of ostrich chicks, 23 males and 18 females, obtained from a farmer after natural death. The cadavers were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution and their vascular system was filled with colored Petrolatex ® S-65. The cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries and its proximal branches were dissected in situ and measured with a digital caliper. The mesenteric artery had an average length of 3.68cm±1.04 and emerged from the descending aorta at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra in most cases; it branched into jejunal and ileocecal arteries. The jejunal artery sent a mean of 14 (14.04±2.08) branches to the jejunum. The ileocecal artery sent a rectal branch and another branch that irrigated ileum, cecum and rectum. In a male specimen the ileocecal artery was originated from the celiac artery. The caudal mesenteric artery emerged in the terminal portion of the descending aorta predominantly at the level of the 4 th and 6 th sacrocaudal vertebrae. Near the caudal end of the kidney it issued the cranial and caudal branches. The first irrigated the rectum and anastomosed with the rectal branch of the cranial mesenteric artery; the second irrigated the final part of the rectum, cloaca and cloacal bursa. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between measurements, skeletopy and number of branches of the arteries between genders.

New Zealand rabbits are widely used as experimental models and represent an important casuistic in veterinary practices. The musculoskeletal conformation of rabbits frequently leads to the occurrence of lumbosacral lesions with neural involvement. In order to contribute to the comparative anatomy and the understanding of these lesions, the origin and distribution of the obturator nerves of 30 New Zealand rabbits (15 males and 15 females) previously fixed in 10% formaldehyde were studied by dissection. The obturator nerves were originated from the ventral spinal branches of L6 and L7 in 63.3% of the cases, L5 and L6 in 13.4%, only L7 in 13.4%, L7 and S1 in 6.6 % and of L6, L7 and S1 in 3.3%. The spinal segment that most contributed to the formation of the nerve was L7 (86.6% of the nerves). The obturator nerves emitted in all the specimens, a variable number of branches for the internal obturator, external obturator, pectineum, adductor and gracilis muscles. No significant differences were observed between the frequencies of the origin and muscular branches of the obturator nerves when comparing sex and antimers. ResumoCoelhos da raça Nova Zelândia são amplamente usados como modelos experimentais e representam uma parcela importante dos atendimentos em consultórios veterinários. A conformação músculoesquelética dos coelhos torna frequente a ocorrência de lesões lombossacrais com comprometimento neural. Visando contribuir para a anatomia comparada e no entendimento destas lesões, foram estudadas por dissecção a origem e a distribuição dos nervos obturatórios de 30 cadáveres de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (15 machos e 15 fêmeas) fixados previamente em formaldeído a 10%. O nervo obturatório formou-se a partir dos ramos ventrais de L6 e L7 em 63,3% dos casos, de L5 e L6 em 13,4%, apenas de L7 em 13,4%, de L7 e S1 em 6,6% e de L6, L7 e S1 em 3,3%. O segmento espinhal que mais contribuiu para a formação do nervo foi L7 (86,6% dos nervos). Os nervos obturatórios emitiram em todos os animais, número variável de ramos para os músculos obturador interno, Palavras-chave: anatomia animal, lagomorfos, Oryctolagus cuniculus, plexo lombossacral, sistema nervoso.

Resumo Nasua nasua é um carnívoro da família Procyonidae amplamente distribuído pela América do Sul. Detalhes de sua anatomia são fundamentais para a anatomia aplicada e o entendimento de sua história natural. Objetvou-se determinar a média do comprimento, largura, espessura e volume elipsoide dos rins, a média do comprimento das artérias e veias renais e revelar a esqueletopia dos rins e vasos renais em N. nasua. Para este propósito, 32 rins e os vasos renais de 16 espécimes cadavéricos (oito machos e oito fêmeas) foram dissecados e mensurados com um paquímetro digital. Os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson foram calculados entre o comprimento rostro-sacral e as variáveis dos rins e seus vasos. Os rins apresentaram formato de “feijão” e superfícies lisas e são unipapilados. Na média, os rins de N. nasua mediram 30x16x13 mm, sem diferença significativa entre antímeros ou sexos. O comprimento médio da artéria renal direita (1,74 ± 0,67 cm) foi maior que o da esquerda (1,26 ± 0,43 cm); o comprimento da veia renal direita (1,22 ± 0,34 cm) foi menor que o da esquerda (1,82 ± 0,46 cm) (p < 0,05). Em um macho (6,8%), foi identificada uma veia renal direita dupla como variação anatômica. Os polos craniais dos rins direito e esquerdo prevaleceram ao nível da vértebra L2, assumindo praticamente uma posição simétrica. Houve uma correlação positiva, moderada a elevada, entre o comprimento rostro-sacral com as dimensões renais e com o comprimento dos vasos renais. Os dados do presente estudo poderão vir a ser aplicados na interpretação do diagnóstico de nefropatias que cursam com alterações nas dimensões renais bem como contribuir no campo da anatomia comparada de carnívoros.

ResumoO nervo femoral foi estudado em 33 caprinos recém-natos da raça Saanen (22 machos e 11 fêmeas), que, após morte natural, foram fixados com solução de formaldeído a 10%. Nos machos, o nervo femoral teve sua origem nos ramos espinhais ventrais de L4 e L5 em oito animais (36%); em seis animais (27%) teve sua origem nos ramos espinhais ventrais de L5 e L6; em cinco animais (23%) teve sua origem no ramo espinhal ventral de L5; em dois animais (9%) teve sua origem nos ramos espinhais ventrais de L4, L5 e L6; em um animal (5%) teve sua origem dos ramos espinhais ventrais de L5 e L6 e no ramo espinhal ventral de S1. Nas fêmeas, teve sua origem nos ramos espinhais ventrais de L4 e L5 em sete animais (64%); em três animais (27%) teve sua origem nos ramos espinhais ventrais de L5 e L6 e em um animal (9%) teve sua origem nos ramos espinhais ventrais de L4, L5 e L6. Os nervos femorais emitiram, em todos os animais, número variável de ramos para os músculos psoas maior, psoas menor, quadríceps femoral, sartório e pectíneo. Palavras-chave: nervo femoral; Saanen; variação. AbstractThe femoral nerves were studied in newborn goats of Saanen breed (22 males and 11 females) that were collected after natural death and fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution. In males the femoral nerve arose from the ventral spinal branches of L4 and L5 in eight animals (36%); in six animals (27%) it arose from the ventral spinal branches of L5 and L6; in five animals (23%) it arose from the ventral spinal branches of L5; in two animals (9%) it arose from the ventral spinal branches of L4, L5 and L6 and in one animal (5%) it arose from the ventral spinal branches of L5 and L6 and the ventral spinal branches of S1. In females the femoral nerve arose from the ventral spinal branches of