MOREIRA, T. de A.; GUNDIM, L. F.; MEDEIROS-RONCHI, A. A. Patologias pancreáticas em cães: revisão de literatura. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 20, n. 2, p. 109-115, abr./jun. 2017. RESUMO:O pâncreas é conhecido como uma glândula mista, uma vez que atua tanto na secreção de enzimas digestivas através de sua porção exócrina, quanto na secreção de insulina e glucagon pela porção endócrina. Envolvendo a porção exó-crina, nos cães a principal alteração evidenciada é a pancreatite, enquanto que no pâncreas endócrino a principal moléstia é o Diabetes mellitus. Não obstante, o pâncreas pode ser acometido por diversas patologias, dentre elas neoplasias, processos isquêmicos, traumas ou ainda por doenças idiopáticas. Dessa forma, o diagnóstico das disfunções deste órgão torna-se um desafio na Medicina Veterinária, tornando relevante a realização de maiores estudos acerca deste tema. Tendo em vista que abordagens sobre as patologias pancreáticas em cães são escassas, propõe-se assim a realização de uma revisão de literatura mensurando as principais enfermidades pancreáticas diagnosticadas em cães. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Caninos. Doenças. Pâncreas. PANCREATIC DISEASES IN DOGS: LITERATURE REVIEW ABSTRACT:The pancreas is known as a mixed gland, since it acts both in the secretion of digestive enzymes through its exocrine portion, and in the secretion of insulin and glucagon through its endocrine portion. Pancreatitis is main disease developed in the pancreas exocrine portion in dogs, while Diabetes mellitus is the main disease in the endocrine portion. Nevertheless, the pancreas may be affected by several pathologies, among them neoplasms, ischemic processes, injuries or idiopathic diseases. The diagnosis of disorders in this organ becomes a challenge in veterinary medicine, thus the relevance of holding further studies on this subject. Considering the scarcity of approaches on pancreatic diseases in dogs, this study proposes to hold a literature review, addressing the major pancreatic diseases diagnosed in dogs. KEYWORDS: Dogs. Diseases. Pancreas. PATOLOGÍAS PANCREÁTICAS EN PERROS: REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA RESUMEN:El páncreas es conocido como una glándula mixta, una vez que actúa en la secreción de enzimas digestivas a través de su porción exocrina, así como en la secreción de insulina y glucagón por la porción endocrina. Involucrando la porción exocrina, en perros, la principal alteración observada es la pancreatitis, mientras que en el páncreas endócrino la molestia más común es el Diabetes mellitus. Sin embargo, el páncreas puede ser afectado por diversas patologías, tales como neoplasias, procesos isquémicos, traumas o por trastornos idiopáticos. De este modo, el diagnóstico de las disfunciones de este órgano se convierte en un reto para la Medicina Veterinaria, haciendo relevante la realización de nuevos estudios sobre este tema. Teniendo en cuenta que los enfoques sobre enfermedades pancreáticas en perros son escasos, se propone la realización de una revisión de literatura abordando las principales enfermedades pa...

This study aimed to perform a retrospective survey of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, as well as to gather epidemiological data, such as breed, age, sex, and location. We also sought to histopathologically classify and characterize the mast cell tumours. Mast cell tumour was the most common neoplasm, accounting for 16.78% of skin neoplasms. In terms of the epidemiological data, the mast cell tumours did not show sexual predilection. Animals aged 9 to 12 years were the most affected (44.14%). The genitalia were the most frequent location (28.15%), and mongrel dogs showed the highest prevalence (30.43%), followed by boxers (22.61%). A total of 92 slides were classified; grade II was most frequently seen (61.96%). Statistically, injuries such as necrosis, oedema, and haemorrhage were not related with histological classification (P > 0.05). Finally, the mitotic index was related to tumour grade (P < 0.05), and can act as an instrument for histological classification of these tumours. Mast cell tumour is the most common neoplasm in dogs, with no sex predilection. Contrary to what was expected, oedema, necrosis and haemorrhage do not increase according to graduation and can be seen in all classifications. Mitotic index is the best indicator to classify these neoplasms.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that affects several species of domestic and wild animals and is an important cause of economic losses in cattle in Brazil. In this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil, identified the most frequent serovars of Leptospira interrogans, and examine the renal pathological changes associated with the disease. Samples of blood serum and kidney fragments from 100 bovine females were collected in cattle abattoir. In the serological investigation 48% of the cows were positive. The serovars for which there were more reactive animals were Wolffi (24%), Hardjo (21%) and Hebdomadis (18%). Among the positive samples, 14/48 showed antibody titers greater than 1:100, and 70.83% of the seropositive animals responded to more than one Leptospira interrogans serovar. Only one farm did not have seropositive cows and in nine farms studied, six (66.66%) presented seropositive animals to the Hebdomadis serovar. At the histopathological examination, the most frequent microscopic lesions in positive animals were hyalinization (81.25%), congestion (81.25%) and hydropic degeneration (70.83%). However, these histopathological alterations were also found in kidneys of animals negative to serology, such as hyalinization (80.77%), congestion (48.07%) and hydropic degeneration (55.77%) and these findings are unrelated to positivity. Histopathological examination of the kidneys is not indicated to replace the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis, and may be used only as a complementary examination. Despite the low frequency of seropositive animals in the Triângulo Mineiro region, the disease is present in a large number of farms. Noteworthy is the high frequency of serovar Hebdomadis and it can be considered an emerging serovar in the region. The evaluation of the frequency of this serovar in other regions becomes important, and once verified should result in the recommendation of the inclusion of this serovar in the leptospirosis control.

Puma (Puma concolor) is in Brazil among the major species involved in human-wildlife conflicts, primarily due to the predation of sheep and goats in farms. A puma might kill from one to several animals in a single predation episode, and free-ranging flocks of goats and sheep are usually affected. These attacks are rarely witnessed and direct observation of predation is rare. We herein report three predation episodes and the cause of death of sheep kept inside paddocks in a farm located besides a major town of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Death of 31 animals was attributed to a puma as determined by circumstantial evidence, necropsy of 16 animals, laboratory findings and direct observation of the predator at the occurrence site. However, death of only eight animals was caused by traumatic injury mainly at the cervical region. The remaining animals lacked lethal traumatic injuries and post mortem examination indicated circulatory collapse (congestion of internal organs). Two surviving animals had a great increase in creatinine phosphokinase blood levels and thus death of remaining animals was attributed to stress and myopathy caused by fear and chasing of sheep trapped inside paddocks. Measures taken after the third predation episode (illumination of paddocks, pasture height control, vegetation clearance around the paddocks and closure of animals in stalls at night) prevented further attacks.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare and rarely reported in dogs. The term neurofibroma/sarcoma is classically used when the tumor is composed of Schawann and perineural cells. This work describes the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical case of a subcutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely a malignant neurofibroma located in the pelvic member of a Rottweiler dog. Histopathological features and immunohistochemical analysis corroborated the diagnosis, showing positivity for S-100 protein, vimentin, and CD57, and was useful to distinguish this type of neoplasm from other malignancies of similar morphologies. ResumoO tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico é raro e pouco descrito em cães. Classicamente, o termo "neurofibroma/ sarcoma" é empregado quando o tumor é composto por células de Schwann e células perineurais. Neste relato são descritos os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de tumor maligno da bainha do nervo periférico, provavelmente neurofibrossarcoma, localizado no subcutâneo do membro pélvico de um cão da raça Rottweiler. Os achados histopatológicos associados às observações imuno-histoquímicas contribuíram para o diagnóstico, sendo observada positividade para proteína S-100, vimentina e CD57, permitindo a diferenciação da neoplasia em questão de outros tumores malignos com características morfológicas similares. Palavras-chave: Neoplasia. Membro pélvico. Canino. Marcadores.

The aim of this study was to microscopically re-evaluate the melanocytic lesions diagnoses established by the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a period of eleven years; in addition, to perform a comparative analysis between the conventional histopathological (CH) method and the use of the melanin bleaching (MB) technique with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid solutions. The results of the MB method presented a disagreement in 24.32% of the diagnosis previously by CH, with low agreement (61.0%) and low Kappa coefficient (0.2267). Melanoma was the most frequent lesion, more frequent in elderly and non-breed female dogs. The most frequent melanoma location was in the cutaneous tissue. The presence or absence of a pagetoid spread in cutaneous samples, distribution of melanin, pattern of cell layout, cell morphology, degree of cellular atypia, and the number of mitoses verified after MB were the most important criteria to confirm the diagnosis of malignancy or benignity of the lesions. Evaluating pathologists considered MB to be essential for the majority of diagnoses and an efficient complementary method for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, even in cases with a moderate degree of pigmentation.

Cats play an important role as pets in the present society. Thus, the knowledge about their main diseases and causes of death is fundamental to prevent various pathologies. However, when dealing with domestic cats there are very few researches in Veterinary Medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of death of cats through a retrospective study of necropsies in the Animal Pathology Laboratory in the Federal University of Uberlândia (Brazil), in a period of 36 years, in which 350 cat necropsies were conducted. The most frequent causes of death of these animals were digestive system diseases (48 cats -13.71%), and among them, feline hepatic lipidosis was the most frequent etiology (18.75%). The second most affected system was the respiratory (10.86%) and acute pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and diaphragmatic hernia were the main diseases to cause death of cats with some kind of disorder in this system. Other decease causes were rabies, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrous osteodystrophy, fractures and traumatism, hypovolemic shock, and feline lower urinary tract disease. This type of analysis can provide basic information about the most common diseases in felines, contributing with veterinarians as they adopt control and prevention actions against diseases. Keywords: Felines. Death. Necropsy. Diseases. ResumoOs gatos apresentam papel relevante como animal de estimação na sociedade atual. Neste sentido, o conhecimento das principais enfermidades e causas de morte desses animais é fundamental para prevenção de várias patologias. No entanto, quanto ao gato doméstico, essas pesquisas ainda são escassas na medicina veterinária. Assim, este trabalho realizou um estudo retrospectivo das causas de morte de gatos registradas das necropsias efetuadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 36 anos, no qual 350 gatos foram necropsiados. As doenças do sistema digestivo foram as mais frequentes (48 gatos -13,71%) e destas, a lipidose hepática foi a etiologia de maior ocorrência (18,75%). O sistema respiratório foi o segundo mais afetado (10,86%), sendo pneumonia aguda, edema pulmonar e hérnia diafragmática as principais doenças deste sistema responsáveis pela morte de gatos. Outras causas de óbito importantes foram raiva, carcinoma de células escamosas, osteodistrofia fibrosa, fraturas e traumatismos, choque hipovolêmico e síndrome urológica felina. Este tipo de análise pode fornecer informações básicas sobre as enfermidades que mais acometem os felinos de uma determinada região, contribuindo para que os profissionais médicos veterinários passem a adotar as respectivas ações de prevenção e controle. Palavras-chave: Felinos. Óbito. Necropsia. Doenças.

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a specific cancer of the canine species that usually affects the genital region. Metastases occur by hematogenous or lymphatic routes. The extragenital form is rare and the cutaneous form is reported to be a warty proliferative lesion of ulcerated and friable surface, which usually presents itself concomitantly to the genital form of the disease. We hereby report a case of subcutaneous TVT in a mixed-breed neutered female, in order to contribute clinical and cytopathological data, as well as prognosis, due to unusual presentation of this neoplasm. The formation was disseminated as multiple nodule located on the inner face of the hind limbs. Diagnosis was achieved by cytological examination, which revealed the presence of round cells with predominantly eccentric nuclei, loose chromatin and large and intensely vacuolated cytoplasm, features of plasmacytoid TVT. Four courses of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate were conducted, yielding complete remission of the tumor. The subcutaneous appearance of TVT is unusual, especially when no genital lesions that might suggest metastasis are found.