Background The colonization of mosquitoes susceptible to Plasmodium vivax via direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) has the potential to significantly advance our knowledge of P. vivax biology, vector-parasite interaction and transmission-blocking vaccine research. Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum are important vectors of malaria in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Since 2018, well-established colonies of these species have been maintained in order to mass produce mosquitoes destined for P. vivax infection. Plasmodium susceptibility was confirmed when the colonies were established, but susceptibility needs to be maintained for these colonies to remain good models for pathogen transmission. Thus, the susceptibility was assessed of colonized mosquitoes to P. vivax isolates circulating in the Western Amazon. Methods Laboratory-reared mosquitoes from F10-F25 generations were fed on P. vivax blood isolates via DMFA. Susceptibility was determined by prevalence and intensity of infection as represented by oocyst load seven days after blood feeding, and sporozoite load 14 days after blood feeding. The effect of infection on mosquito survival was evaluated from initial blood feeding until sporogonic development and survival rates were compared between mosquitoes fed on infected and uninfected blood. Correlation was calculated between gametocytaemia and prevalence/intensity of infection, and between oocyst and sporozoite load. Results Significant differences were found in prevalence and intensity of infection between species. Anopheles darlingi showed a higher proportion of infected mosquitoes and higher oocyst and sporozoite intensity than An. deaneorum. Survival analysis showed that An. deaneorum survival decreased drastically until 14 days post infection (dpi). Plasmodium vivax infection decreased survival in both species relative to uninfected mosquitoes. No correlation was observed between gametocytaemia and prevalence/intensity of infection, but oocyst and sporozoite load had a moderate to strong correlation. Conclusions Colonized An. darlingi make excellent subjects for modelling pathogen transmission. On the other hand, An. deaneorum could serve as a model for immunity studies due the low susceptibility under current colonized conditions. In the application of DMFA, gametocyte density is not a reliable parameter for predicting mosquito infection by P. vivax, but oocyst intensity should be used to schedule sporozoite experiments.

One of the biggest problems faced by banana growers is to determine the most appropriate harvest time. This study aimed to evaluate the post-harvest conservation of 'Prata-Anã' bananas harvested at 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 weeks after the inflorescence emergence and subjected to 25 days of cold storage at the temperature of 13.5 ºC (± 1 ºC) and 90 % (± 5 %) of relative humidity. The bananas harvested at 19 and 20 weeks after the inflorescence emergence showed a more advanced maturity stage after 25 days of cold storage at 13.5 ºC. The bananas showed an increase in the content of soluble solids, as well as sugars, during the evaluations, after withdrawal from the cold room. Regardless of the fruit age, there was a decrease in the pH values over the 9 days of evaluation, after the 25-day storage period. The fruits at the ages of 19 and 20 weeks presented, on average, starch contents lower than those of the fruits with 16, 17 and 18 weeks. Fruits at the ages of 19 and 20 weeks showed higher extravasation levels on the second day of evaluation. Both the fruit harvest time and storage temperature directly influenced the post-harvest conservation and the physical and chemical characteristics of the 'Prata-Anã' bananas.

Objective: To determine the ideal harvest season of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana bunches by means of physical and chemical analyses of fruit cultivation conditions in the northern state of Minas Gerais. Study Design: The employed experimental design was the completely randomized design was used in a 5x5 factorial scheme, with five bunch ages and five assessment days. Study Location and Duration: The experiment was run in an area with banana trees planted 20 months beforehand, located at Unimontes’s Experimental Farm, at 530 m of altitude, with coordinates being -15°43’46.99” south latitude and -43°19’17.61”west longitude, between April and November 2017. Methodology: The bananas bunches the were marked weekly from April 14 to May 12, and week days were standardized for each marking. Five bunch ages were defined – 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 weeks after inflorescence emission – for harvest. For differentiation of emerged bunches, tapes of different color were used. When the bunches marked in the first week completed 20 weeks, all bunches were harvested, which happened on September 1. After harvested the fruits were subjected to storage in refrigerated chamber at 10°C ± 1°C and relative humidity of 90% +5% for 25 days. After being stored for 25 days, the bananas were taken out of the chamber and exposed to a room temperature of 25°C, which analyzes were performed for 9 days, with a two-day interval in between, simulating the marketing period. The following analyses were carried out: Firmness, peel color, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, amide, total sugars, reducing sugars and electrolyte extravasation. Results: Lower hue, chroma, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar and electrolyte extravasation values were found for bananas harvested at 16 weeks. Conclusion: Bunch harvest age had a direct influence on post-harvest quality of bananas ‘Prata-Anã’. Fruits from 16-week bunches were superior in physical and chemical characteristics compared to other ages, meaning a longer post-harvest life.

Buscamos relatar a experiência de professores e a importância da integração entre a extensão universitária e as disciplinas da graduação, sendo essa experiência vivenciada por alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, setor Palotina e depois aplicada em um projeto de extensão. O projeto revela-se de grande importância para a formação de professores, permitindo uma reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica, apresentando os desafios e possibilidades do ensino online e possibilitando verificar concepções alternativas existentes. Sendo realizada a pesquisa a fim de discutir  sobre os benefícios da utilização das tecnologias como um instrumento para a construção do conhecimento. Nosso intuito é promover uma integração entre uma disciplina da graduação e a extensão universitária, conhecendo assim as possibilidades e desafios dessa integração. O estudo foi realizado primeiramente com aulas sendo ministradas para graduandos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Exatas, após, a metodologia aplicada foi analisada, sendo apresentada as percepções dos futuros professores e os pontos positivos e negativos. Após, fizemos as adaptações necessárias e ministramos a aula em um projeto de extensão, sendo coletada as concepções prévias dos alunos, a fim de verificarmos concepções alternativas, após ministramos as aulas buscando interação e troca de ideias entre os alunos, no fim das atividades coletamos as percepções dos alunos, buscando compararmos com as concepções iniciais. Através do mesmo conclui-se que a integração entre algumas disciplinas da graduação com projetos de extensão é favorável, proporcionando diversos benefícios para os futuros docentes e para a sociedade.

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O objetivo dessa pesquisa é apresentar as ciências desenvolvidas pelas mulheres na América Latina e, através desta, discutir como a educação para paz, pode contribuir para o olhar às mulheres cientistas do hemisfério sul. Considerando, que, apesar de a mulher estar presente na ciência desde o século I, através de cientistas como Maria la Hebrea, por exemplo, ainda, na contemporaneidade, precisamos lutar, pelo reconhecimento profissional e de igualdade.

Resumo: A Educação para a Paz (EP) como campo de estudo e pesquisa tem suas origens ligadas aos movimentos de Cultura de Paz e Direitos Humanos, especialmente na Europa do período pós-guerra (1939-1945), relacionada à criação da Organização das Nações Unidas (1945) e a adoção da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1948). Como campo de estudo, a EP baseia em conceitos como: violência direta e violência estrutural, desenvolvimento, democracia, cidadania, meio ambiente entre outros, demonstrando seu caráter amplo, plural e complexo, diante de um mundo de injustiças, desigualdade e exploração econômica. No contexto brasileiro e latino-americano, Paulo Freire (1985) declarou que a paz só é possível com a superação das realidades sociais perversas e com justiça social. Portanto, paz e direitos humanos são complementares, uma vez que a dignidade humana como pressuposto dos direitos humanos tem, como finalidade, o sentido de paz enquanto realização humana plena. Com estas balizas, foi construída a proposta do Núcleo de Estudos e Formação de Professores em Educação para a Paz e Convivências da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Paraná (NEP/UEPG), que atua na formação de profissionais considerando cinco eixos: valores humanos, direitos humanos, conflitologia, ecoformação e vivências/convivências significativas. Este artigo pontua as ações do NEP/UEPG, discutindo sua proposta transdisciplinar, que aponta tanto para a construção científica quanto para práticas pedagógicas cotidianas.

Background: Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) remain central for the management of COVID-19 as there are no licensed vaccines or safe and effective antivirals to treat coronavirus yet. A rapid systematic review reported the main publications on NPIs to cope with the global COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The research was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, from January 31 to March 31, 2020, in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Results: A total of 26 publications were included as comments, viewpoints, original articles, and studies on mathematical modeling. It was published by 251 researchers and four investigation groups from 23 countries. Conclusion: In summary, the publications pointed out that the social isolation, staying home, social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing are essential and that NPIs could be combined to cope with the COVID-19 outbreak. It is recommended to value, intensify, and commend the efforts of countries that have implemented NPIs as extremely bold and robust measures to contain coronavirus disease.