Sharamok T., Ananieva T., Fedonenko O.: Environmental status of Kam'yanske reservoir (Ukraine). Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 281-289, 2017. Environmental status of Kam'yanske reservoir (47°55'51.6"N 33°46'08.4"E) as one of the small water bodies belonging to southeast Ukraine was investigated. The integrated environmental assessment based on the quality indices of salt content, trophic-saprobiological indicators and specific toxic water indicators of Kam'yanske reservoir are characterised as 'satisfactory' and 'slightly polluted' . Defined bottom accumulation coefficient (BAC) shows continuing heavy metals enlargement in the upper layer of the bottom sediments and chronic pollution in ecosystem. The content of heavy metals in the muscles of industrial fish in the researched pond did not exceed maximal allowed concentration (MAC) for fish as food according to Ukrainian standards. Accumulation of heavy metals in fish was due to the peculiarities of their ways of nutrition and existing. The total contents of heavy metals in common carp was almost twice as large compared to other fish. The maximum accumulation rates set for fish muscles of essential elements -zinc and iron.
ABSTRACT. The research was held in terms of Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine) from 2014 till 2015 year. It was established that prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) underyearlings accumulate essential elements more extensively, especially zinc, comparing to adults ones. The species characteristic of heavy metals accumulation in the carp fish body was observed. The intensity level of erythropoiesis occurrence was higher in young fish of both species of carp fish. The specific features of cytometric characteristics of fish erythrocytes were identified: the relative amount of mature red blood cells prevailed in roach, and the area of mature red blood cells was significantly higher in prussian carp. In addition, in the young roach among immature forms of red blood cells significantly higher percentage of polychromatophil normoblasts was revealed.
It had been determined the contents of total protein, albumin, glucose, urea and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), α-amylase in 4-years old individuals of both sexes of prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) in different parts of the Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine). The level of biochemical parameters depended on the extent of anthropogenic impact on the aquatic environment. Comparing to the prussian carp, Zaporozhian Reservoir roach was established to have a higher vulnerability to the effects of pollutants, that is why it can serve as a kind of test bioindicator for testing hydroecological system ihtiotoxicity.
The article proposes a new approach to solving the problem of biofouling at the facilities of the circulating cooling system of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) by regulating hydrobiological studies. In the course of the studies, 4 species of hydrobionts were found that formed massive fouling on water supply facilities: filamentous algae Oedogonium sp. and Ulotrix zonata with a total biomass of 123.6±18.44 g/m2, tropical molluscs Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera of the Thiaridae family with a biomass of 20.09 g/m2. The shells of dead mollusks drifted along the pipes of the circulation system with the flow of water and interfered with the operation of pumping stations. Also, the blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa, which dominated the phytoplankton of the cooling pond, belonged to the potential bio-hindrances. The hydrobiological regulation was developed with the aim of timely detection of hydrobionts capable of active reproduction and creation of biological obstacles. It provides for four types of monitoring: current (operational), extreme (control), deployed (research) and background (hydrobiological monitoring of the Kakhovka reservoir in the zone of influence of waste warm waters). For each type of monitoring, the subjects of control (a group of hydrobionts), control parameters (species composition, abundance, biomass) and frequency of control are determined. The regulation of hydrobiological monitoring makes it possible to minimize the consequences or prevent the occurrence of accidents and emergencies in the operation of the ZNPP cooling circulation systems associated with biological obstacles, and can be used as an example for solving similar problems at other power facilities. The article also contains practical recommendations for improving the ecological state of the cooling pond and preventing the massive development of dangerous aquatic organisms by introducing biomeliorator fish with a different food spectrum into the reservoir
It had been determined the contents of total protein, albumin, glucose, urea and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), α-amylase in 4-years old individuals of both sexes of prussian carp (Carassiusgibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilusrutilus Linnaeus, 1758) in different parts of the Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine). The level of biochemical parameters depended on the extent of anthropogenic impact on the aquatic environment. Comparing to the prussian carp, Zaporozhian Reservoir roach was established to have a higher vulnerability to the effects of pollutants, that is why it can serve as a kind of test bioindicator for testing hydroecological system ihtiotoxicity.
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