Sharamok T., Ananieva T., Fedonenko O.: Environmental status of Kam'yanske reservoir (Ukraine). Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 281-289, 2017. Environmental status of Kam'yanske reservoir (47°55'51.6"N 33°46'08.4"E) as one of the small water bodies belonging to southeast Ukraine was investigated. The integrated environmental assessment based on the quality indices of salt content, trophic-saprobiological indicators and specific toxic water indicators of Kam'yanske reservoir are characterised as 'satisfactory' and 'slightly polluted' . Defined bottom accumulation coefficient (BAC) shows continuing heavy metals enlargement in the upper layer of the bottom sediments and chronic pollution in ecosystem. The content of heavy metals in the muscles of industrial fish in the researched pond did not exceed maximal allowed concentration (MAC) for fish as food according to Ukrainian standards. Accumulation of heavy metals in fish was due to the peculiarities of their ways of nutrition and existing. The total contents of heavy metals in common carp was almost twice as large compared to other fish. The maximum accumulation rates set for fish muscles of essential elements -zinc and iron.
It had been determined the contents of total protein, albumin, glucose, urea and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), α-amylase in 4-years old individuals of both sexes of prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) in different parts of the Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine). The level of biochemical parameters depended on the extent of anthropogenic impact on the aquatic environment. Comparing to the prussian carp, Zaporozhian Reservoir roach was established to have a higher vulnerability to the effects of pollutants, that is why it can serve as a kind of test bioindicator for testing hydroecological system ihtiotoxicity.
Abstract. The total lipid contents and iodine value of fats had been determined in fish from two sections of the Zaporizke Reservoir (Ukraine) with different contamination levels. Research was conducted using the muscle and liver tissue samples from pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), european perch (Perca fluviatis), prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus). Obtained data showed that at the contaminated zone, the total lipid contents were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced in muscle tissue of pike-perch and european perch in comparison with the samples from "conventionally clean" lower section of the reservoir. Increased iodine value of fats in muscle tissue and liver tissue were detected in the predatory fish and both fish groups respectively. The research results could be used for estimation of the adaptation processes in freshwater fish as well as for indication of environmental contamination level in the natural and artificial reservoirs.
It had been determined the contents of total protein, albumin, glucose, urea and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), α-amylase in 4-years old individuals of both sexes of prussian carp (Carassiusgibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilusrutilus Linnaeus, 1758) in different parts of the Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine). The level of biochemical parameters depended on the extent of anthropogenic impact on the aquatic environment. Comparing to the prussian carp, Zaporozhian Reservoir roach was established to have a higher vulnerability to the effects of pollutants, that is why it can serve as a kind of test bioindicator for testing hydroecological system ihtiotoxicity.
Keywords: Сooling pond, hydrophysical and hydrochemical indicators, toxic metals, water, bottom sediments, ecological assessment of water quality.Abstract. It has been investigated the ecological status of the cooling pond of Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) on the hydrochemical and toxicological indicators. The ecological water quality by most hydrochemical and hydrophysical indices corresponds to the class II, category 3, and is characterized as "fairly clean". However, according to the BOD 5 index, the water quality is "satisfactory" (class III, category 4). By the contents of both nitrogen of nitrates and phosphorus of phosphates the water quality belongs to the class IV, category 6, as "bad, dirty water". The main anthropogenic pollutants are copper, iron, zinc, and fluorides. The ecological characteristics by their concentrations in the water correspond to the class III, and categories 4-5 of quality, which are "poorly and moderately polluted" water. Accumulation of toxic metals in the surface layer of the reservoir bottom sediments depends on their types, the minimal content is found in sandy sediments, and maximal one is in muddy sediments. The possibility of significant secondary pollution of the water environment by toxic metals is small under the hydrophysical and hydrochemical conditions typical for the cooling pond of Zaporizhzhya NPP. According to the calculations, the value of the average chemical index of ecological quality is "2.5", which characterizes the water of the Zaporizhzhya NPP cooling pond as "good" and "clean".
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