The object of research is the processes of data exchange between subjects of foreign economic activity when performing customs procedures, namely, the introduction of a new computerized transit system NCTS within the framework of improving and harmonizing customs procedures. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of knowledge and awareness in the implementation of reforms on trade facilitation measures, and therefore there is a need to be able to reduce costs at the border, and costs associated with foreign trade transactions. The perspective is considered and the assessment of the state of modern customs policy is carried out on the example of Ukraine, the mechanisms of application of customs instruments for regulating foreign trade during the digitalization of customs are determined. The dynamics of export-import operations of Ukraine with other countries is analyzed. In 2020, exporting companies estimate the work of customs significantly better by 15 % compared to 2019. Among enterprises of various sizes, micro-enterprises often report problems at customs, and the greatest problems are considered to be overstatement of customs value of goods and outdated equipment of customs control zones. It is shown that one of the ways to improve the efficiency of customs procedures is to minimize personal contacts between the customs officer and the client, transfer most of the transactions online, use electronic services and mobile applications. Also, in the near future, a large-scale reconstruction of checkpoints is planned to reduce queues. It is found that the customs clearance procedures are not sufficiently automated, and the customs authorities are entrusted with many obligations. Thus, the customs authorities of Ukraine are forced to control goods during customs clearance more carefully than in the EU countries. The average duration of customs clearance of imported goods by the customs authorities of Ukraine is from 1 to 4 hours, depending on the region, while in developed countries such clearance takes only a few minutes. The conducted research is interesting for the participants of the international transport market. Since for business enterprises the use of one transit declaration for the delivery of goods from one country to another (from the customs office of departure to the customs office of destination), according to the general transit procedure, reduces the cost of customs procedures and the time required for their passage. Consequently, it reduces queues at the border, which means a faster flow of goods.
The paper proposes a methodology for transportation fleet structure formation based on the determination of the standard size fleet by carrying capacity using the criterion of the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, which will be expedient if the number of shipments per day exceeds three times the estimated number of the model range of cars. At a lower intensity of daily shipments, it is necessary to form a standard size range of a vehicle fleet on the basis of a repetition of independent tests. The paper proposes a method of forming the structure of the fleet of vehicles based on determining the size of the fleet using the criterion of the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, which is appropriate if the number of shipments per day exceeds three times the estimated number of cars. With a lower intensity of daily shipments, it is necessary to form a standard size range of the fleet on the basis of repeating independent tests.It has been established that the value of the coefficient of static use of the vehicle's carrying capacity is influenced by the number of intervals for dividing the series of carrying capacity, their length and uniformity, as well as the distribution law of the random value of the item. Violation of the uniformity of the intervals of the series of the carrying capacity of the car, the value of the coefficient can deviate from the average to 6.2% An increase in the number of intervals in a number of carrying capacities of vehicles from 2 to 3 contributes to a rapid increase in the coordination of the density of distribution of the batch volume and shipment to the structure of the vehicle fleet in terms of carrying capacity and is characterized by an increase in the coefficient of compliance on average from 0.65 to 0.75. An increase in the range of carrying capacity up to interval 5 increases the value of the compliance coefficient to 0.8, a further increase in the intervals causes an inversely proportional increase in the compliance coefficient. An increase in the number of car models from 1 to 3 causes a decrease in the cost of transportation in the range of 8% - 11.3%, depending on the degree of use of the vehicle fleet. Further expansion of the model range to 7 units practically does not affect the cost of transportation, and then its growth is observed due to an increase in the duration of downtime while waiting for the proper consignment. It was revealed that an increase in the average weight of a shipment by 2.3 times causes a decrease in the cost of transportation 1.79 times, and with this decrease in the weight of a shipment, an increase in the intensity of growth in the cost of transportation is observed.
The article is a synthesis of theoretical approaches to the definition of «supply chain» and to consider the formation of supply chains, justifying the need to consider the conditions of transportation of perishable goods. In the article analyzes the main characteristics of the supply chain in which it differs from the usual shipping is that it, companies are partners, not competitors, which are set to profit by due to the optimal delivery of goods between all links of the chain. But do not take into account the characteristics of perishable products, which limits the use of existing supply chains for products with unlimited shelf life and requires research in the study of patterns of logistic chains delivering perishable goods. In the article found that the formation of the supply chain do not address specific delivery of perishable goods with limited shelf life. In Ukraine, the commercial merezhayi not always warehouses for storage of goods, so formuivanni supply chain must consider these characteristics and also in more detail to consider when choosing a model of supply chain management KEYWORDS: SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAIN LENGTH, WIDTH OF SUPPLY CHAIN, SHIPPING LOADS, TRADE NETWORKS.
The object of research is the system of organization of transportation of perishable goods. The study subject is the technological process of transportation of perishable goods by small shipments. The problem solved was a multicriteria optimization of the technological process of delivery of perishable goods by small shipments. The results are the built simulation model for the distribution of small consignments of perishable goods and the optimization according to the criterion of minimizing delivery time while limiting the rational use of available vehicles. To construct a simulation model, discrete-event and agent-based principles were used. The model built combines the solution to the transport problem and the traveling salesman problem simultaneously with taking into account the stochastic duration of technological operations. When forming the distribution route, the model algorithm takes into account the minimum allowable batch size to the i-th destination, which allows each time to build a new unique route of the vehicle. Unlike existing ones, the model constructed allows taking into account the peculiarities of the distribution network, the minimum consignment of cargo, and dynamically changing the route in accordance with the available cargo. Each time the cargo mass arrives at the logistics terminal, the condition of a sufficient quantity of goods intended for delivery to points of sale is checked. If the quantity of cargo sufficient for shipment is equal to the capacity of the car body, a new information message is generated on the availability of goods ready for shipment. Scope and conditions of practical use of the obtained results include transport companies, retail chains, distribution logistics
Метою статті є вивчення тенденцій розвитку ринку риби та продукції рибної промисловості, аналіз обсягів експорту та імпорту рибної продукції в Україну для подальшої побудови холодних ланцюгів постачань. В роботі проведено аналіз обсягів рибальства та аквакультури в усьому світі за останні роки, лідерами по вилову риби залишаються країни Азії, пропозиції на ринку риби та морепродуктів залишаються за країнами, які складають 80% від загального об’єму вилову риби. Загальний видобуток рибної продукції забезпечують усього 20 країн, серед яких Китай виступає беззаперечним лідером. Також світовий стан пропозиції на ринку риби та морепродуктів протягом тривалого часу визначають Перу, США, Чилі, Індонезія, Японія, Індія, РФ, Таїланд, Норвегія, Латвія, Естонія. Визначенні основні країни – імпортери риби та рибної продукції в Україну – якими є Ірландія та Норвегія, співвідношення імпорту та експорту риби та рибної продукції в Україні складає експорт - 2% , імпорт - 98% , незважаючи, що Україна має морський простір, об’єм вилову та експорту дуже незначний. Розглянуті основні країни імпортери риби та рибної продукції в України, визначено, що 90% всієї імпортованої продукції є замороженою, доставка з країн Європейського Союзу відбувається автомобільним транспортом. У статті встановлено, що український ринок риби є імпортозалежним і має сезонний характер. У статті акцентовано увагу на необхідність урахування географії перевезень на формування технологічного процесу доставки риби.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.