University campuses play a significant role in city transformation to the extent that depends on campuses' openness and location. Therefore, open campuses provide various sets of values to city urbanization different from gated ones. Thus, this study provides a comparative syntactic and socio-spatial analysis between a gated campus and an open one in two different urban settings using space syntax methodology and cell statistical analysis to highlight the impact of campus's openness and location on city's urban growth. Case studies were chosen from Kyushu University to compare between Ohashi campus and Ito campus. Both campuses and a surrounding buffer area of 5 km radius have been analysed using angular segment analysis to examine campuses' integration and accessibility. Furthermore, socio-economic data were adapted with syntactic analysis results to show the potential effects of campuses on their surrounding socio-spatial temporal change from 2008 till 2017. Results have shown that Ito campus has the potentials to contribute to the urban growth of Fukuoka city more than Ohashi campus. However, Ito campus's accessibility limitations have shown to hinder its impact on city's transformation due to its far location unlike Ohashi campus. Therefore, campus's openness and location could promote or hinder city urbanization in intentional or ingenuous ways.
University campuses are known to be accompanied by physical and economic spatiotemporal patterns that contribute to the urban land expansion process of their respective cities. Therefore, this paper assesses the impact brought by Kyushu University's Ito campus on the urban land expansion process of Fukuoka City since its establishment. First, ArcGIS software was used to develop urbanity raster maps by aggregating space syntax, spacematrix, and mixed-use index maps. Then, Netlogo software was used to create the simulation model using urbanity maps. Furthermore, agents for simulating the urban land expansion process were created based on developers' behavior retrieved from the literature and real-world observed data. Proposed model has been verified by conducting a sensitivity analysis and checking R-squared value of simulated maps. Then, the model has been used to simulate expected urban land expansion before and after Ito campus establishment. Comparing resulted maps has shown that Ito campus is anticipated to have accelerated the urban land expansion process in the area by 3.3 times on average. Thus, university campuses can be considered as accelerators for the urban land expansion process of their respective cities. The significance of this paper lies in proposing a model that can be used, by urban planners and decision makers, to anticipate urban land expansion to come up with evidence-based researchinformed land management plans.
University campuses have proven to play a significant role in the production of cities due to their impact as knowledge and innovation hubs. Therefore, this paper examines the impact caused by building new campuses in suburban areas to see to what extent a campus can affect the transformation process of its respective city. Kyushu University’s Ito campus area was selected to be analysed using space syntax, spacematrix and Mixed-use index to see the impact caused by the campus since 1993 till 2017. Results have shown that after Ito campus establishment, urbanization started to be expanded throughout the area after it was limited to accessible parts around major routes and stations. Therefore, the location of the campus is considered as a vital decision that needs to be taken with the engagement of the city, with stakeholders, and business owners to harness a successful campus-city relationship.
Thanks to the leading role of universities in cities as knowledge and innovation hubs, many cities rely on their universities to face their economic and social challenges. On the other hand, universities need their cities to fulfil the capacity needed to satisfy student and staff needs for services and facilities. Therefore, the university-city relationship is considered to be intercorrelated and overlapping. However, due to the need for expansion, universities tend to move out and build larger campuses causing different trends of studentification and de-studentification in the city. These trends impact a city’s urban growth and transformation over time. This study analyses the impact of four different campuses of Kyushu University from 1993 to 2017 to understand the morphological impact of old and new campuses on their surroundings. A spacematrix and a mixed-use index were used to produce raster maps that helped to visualize temporal trends of urban density and the mixed use of functions in areas surrounding campuses. Results have shown that moved out campuses have the potential to impact the surrounding mixed use of functions. However, new campuses have the potential to impact a city’s urban density, therefore, trends in de-studentification can impact the campus-city functional relationship. Conversely, studentification trends can impact the campus-city physical relationship. Thus, university campuses could be considered as indirect agents that contribute to the urban physical and functional change of the city.
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