In order to create secured urban spaces, public safety need to be considered as the duty of citizens as well as official authorities. Therefore, this research focuses on the social environment of public spaces and how to encourage citizens to take prompt actions to detect, report and deter any illegal activities. Moreover, graffiti is considered as the most common type of vandalism worldwide that threatens not only our public and private properties, but also our social environment. In order to resolve the problem of graffiti, this research examines current citizen participation model applied by different stakeholders in Fukuoka City in Japan. Current model has been illustrated based on several in-depth interviews conducted with different stakeholders and citizens in Fukuoka City. Then, a new model has been proposed based on urban gamification to encourage more citizens to act as passive observers in public spaces. Proposed model has been evaluated by local communities and city hall to understand its potentials. This research found out that proposed model has the potentials to encourage more citizens to be part of the solution by being more active in public spaces. However, few obstacles regarding budget and administration might stand in the way of achieving such a concept.
University campuses play a significant role in city transformation to the extent that depends on campuses' openness and location. Therefore, open campuses provide various sets of values to city urbanization different from gated ones. Thus, this study provides a comparative syntactic and socio-spatial analysis between a gated campus and an open one in two different urban settings using space syntax methodology and cell statistical analysis to highlight the impact of campus's openness and location on city's urban growth. Case studies were chosen from Kyushu University to compare between Ohashi campus and Ito campus. Both campuses and a surrounding buffer area of 5 km radius have been analysed using angular segment analysis to examine campuses' integration and accessibility. Furthermore, socio-economic data were adapted with syntactic analysis results to show the potential effects of campuses on their surrounding socio-spatial temporal change from 2008 till 2017. Results have shown that Ito campus has the potentials to contribute to the urban growth of Fukuoka city more than Ohashi campus. However, Ito campus's accessibility limitations have shown to hinder its impact on city's transformation due to its far location unlike Ohashi campus. Therefore, campus's openness and location could promote or hinder city urbanization in intentional or ingenuous ways.
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