Phthalocyanine compounds substituted with steric hindrance groups have been synthesized: octakis(2-ethyl-hexy1)phthalocyanine (1 b) and bis[octakis(4-octadecyloxyphenyl)phthalocyaninato]lutetium(111) complex (2d). These compounds exhibit a wide temperature range of discotic liquid-crystalline properties. Each of these compounds shows a discotic tetragonal disordered columnar mesophase (Dtet.d) or a discotic plain rectangular disordered columnar mesophase [Drd(P2rn)] with a lattice very close to tetragonal. This Drd(P2rn) phase is a novel discotic mesophase that has not been reported to date. It was found that the introduction of the steric hindrance groups, 2-ethylhexyl (b) and 4-octadecyloxyphenyl (d), tend to induce the appearance of the Dtet.d phase.
The solubility behavior of O‐methyl cellulose (MC) in water was investigated in terms of the distribution of substituents along the cellulose chain as well as in the anhydroglucose (AHG) units. For this purpose, three different types of MC samples were prepared by respective homogeneous reaction, i.e.. (i) methylation of cellulose acetate (CA) prepared from cellulose triacetate (CTA), followed by deacetylation, (ii) methylation of CA prepared by direct acetylation of cellulose in a 10% LiCl–dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution, followed by deacetylation, and (iii) methylation of cellulose with dimethyl sulfate in a 10% LiCl–DMAc solution. Their water solubility was compared with that of MC samples prepared by the alkali cellulose process, i.e., by the heterogeneous reaction, including commercial products. It was found that water‐soluble MC samples prepared by the alkali cellulose process exhibit a thermally‐reversible sol‐gel transition in aqueous solution, but all of the MC samples preapred homogeneous reactions show a normal phase separation in aqueous solution. This result gives a direct support for the consideration that the highly substituted glucose sequences present in the commercial MC act as “crosslinking loci” on warming. The distribution of substituents in the AHG units was estimated by 13C‐NMR method. The results on the water solubility of MC were also discussed in terms of the distribution of substituents in the AHG units.
Novel bis(phthalocyaninato)lutetium(iii) complexes substituted with long n-alkyl chains have been synthesized. These complexes, la-c, show three kinds of discotic mesophase (D,,, Doh.,, and DJ. Also la-c display the three primary colours (red, green, blue) of electrochromism in their solutions. The solutions of oxidized species of la-c are nearly red, although those of conventional bis( phthalocyaninato)lutetium(iii) complexes are orange.~ Hexadeca-n-alkyl-substituted complexes of bis( phthalocyaninato)lutetium(rrr) (la-c) have been synthesized. These com-Paper 3,422306;
-Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the 'environmental endocrine disrupters' (EEDs) released by plastics and resin known to interfere with hormonal responses. In this study, female Wistar rats were exposed to low-dose BPA (24 μg/kg/day) during 7 days after giving birth. The male and female offspring, exposed to the BPA through lactation, were evaluated using an open field test (OFT) at the age of six weeks, an elevated plus maze test (EPM) at seven weeks, and a forced swimming test (FST) at nine weeks. The OFT indicated that females were more active than males, and that BPA selectively increased rearing duration in males, thereby eliminating the gender effect. The results of EPM showed that BPA did not enhance the anxiety-like action; rather, it was associated with an anxiolytic-like action in females. In the FST, not only there was an increase in the immobility time, but also there was reduction of latency observed in BPA rats. It indicated that the depression-like responses were clearly enhanced by the postnatal exposure. Altogether, these data suggest that low-dose BPA ingested by neonates through breastfeeding may cause persistent aberrant behaviors that are relevant to emotions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.