“…However, due to the disadvantages of working with radioisotopes (e.g., the short useful lifetime of the isotope, the need for special facilities to handle the isotope, the possibility of the label altering the surface binding properties of the protein), a variety of alternative approaches have been developed (4). These methods include the use of fluorescently labeled proteins (7,8), colorimetric methods to determine protein concentration (9,10), in situ ellipsometry (11,12), and, more recently, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (13,14).…”