Background Whether non‐colorectal non‐neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NCNNLM) should be treated surgically remains unclear. Methods Data regarding 1,639 hepatectomies performed between 2001 and 2010 for 1,539 patients with NCNNLM were collected from 124 institutions. Patient characteristics, types of primary tumor, characteristics of liver metastases, and post‐hepatectomy outcomes were analyzed. Results The five most frequent primary tumors were gastric carcinoma (540 patients [35%]), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (204 patients [13%]), biliary carcinoma (150 patients [10%]), ovarian cancer (107 patients [7%]), and pancreatic carcinoma (77 patients [5%]). R0/1 hepatectomy was achieved in 90% of patients, with 1.5% in‐hospital mortality rate. Overall and disease‐free survival rates of 1,465 patients included in survival analysis were 41% and 21%, respectively, at 5 years, and 28% and 15%, respectively, at 10 years. Five‐year survival associated with the five frequent primary tumors were 32%, 72%, 17%, 52%, and 31%, respectively, and factors predictive of a poor outcome differed by the primary tumor type. Conclusions Our data indicated that hepatectomy is safe for NCNNLM and that patient prognoses vary depending on the type of primary tumors. Indications for hepatectomy should be determined with reference to survival rates and risk factors specific to each of the various types of primary tumor.

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This is a report of a fatal case of a primary and solid adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the liver in a 58‐yearold Japanese woman. There was no association with biliary cysts. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry support the contention that the neoplasm arose from squamous metaplasia of a mucus‐secreting adenocarcinoma (MSA) of intrahepatic biliary duct epithelium.

Abstract. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the best-known tumor suppressor gene and plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. The TP53 arg 72 Pro polymorphism has been reported to be a risk factor for several types of cancer, but its association with pancreatic cancer has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of this polymorphism on pancreatic cancer in relation to smoking and drinking habits by examining the distribution of the SnP genotypes in 226 pancreatic cancer patients and 448 healthy controls. The frequencies of arg/arg, arg/Pro and Pro/Pro were found to be 37, 49 and 15% in the pancreatic cancer cases and 44, 46 and 10% in the controls, respectively. compared to the controls with the arg/arg genotype, cases with Pro/Pro homozygosity exhibited a significantly increased risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.88]. In stratified studies, the association was particularly strong in males (or=2.62; 95% ci 1.32-5.23), particularly in those smoking in excess of 20 pack-years and drinking in excess of 23 g ethanol/day (or=5.02; 95% ci 1.12-22.51). We found that the TP53 Pro/Pro genotype compared to the arg/arg genotype had a profound effect on pancreatic cancer risk among males, particularly among heavy smokers and excessive alcohol drinkers.

Background: Mutations in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene promoter have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, analyses of these mutations in liquid biopsies have been technically difficult because of the high GC content of the regions of interest within this promoter. We evaluated the feasibility and prognostic value of hTERT promoter mutations identified in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the serum of patients with HCC. Objective: A cohort of HCC patients (n = 36) who were curatively treated by surgical resection between June 2003 and September 2014 were enrolled in this study. Methods: The presence of hTERT promoter mutations in cfDNA from the patients' serum was analyzed via modified droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, and associations were sought between specific promoter mutations and patients' diseasefree survival (DFS). Results: The G>A hTERT mutation at -124 bp was detected in the serum of 25 patients (69%). Although no marked differences were observed between the characteristics of the serum mutation-positive and serum mutation-negative patient groups, the DFS of patients with the mutation was significantly shorter than that of the serum mutation-negative patients (p = 0.02). Among 18 clinicopathologic and background liver factors examined, the presence of the -124 bp G>A mutation was an independent and significant predictor of patients' DFS (hazard ratio = 3.01, 95% confidence interval 1.11-10.5, p = 0.03) in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: The -124 bp G>A hTERT promoter mutation was observed in the serum of 69% of HCC patients who underwent surgical resection and was an independent predictor of disease progression in HCC.