Obesity, which disturbs lipid and glucose metabolism, is a recent medical concern. It threatens human health and also has adverse effects on reproductive functions by causing insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, especially in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). For PCOS patients to prevent these adverse effects, it is important to take into account improving their lifestyles by exercise and proper diets. The relationship between insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and reproductive disorders should be understood as fully as possible in order to provide effective treatment. It is well known that insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia can be triggered by obesity with visceral fat accumulation. Hyperinsulinemia affects granulosa cells in small follicles and theca cells. This condition induces early response to luteinizing hormones on granulosa cells of small follicles and causes premature differentiation of these cells, which eventually results in anovulation. For improvement of anovulation because of hyperinsulinemia, insulin-sensitizing agents (biguanide and thiazolidinedione derivatives) are useful. Hyperinsulinemia may adversely affect the endometrial functions and environment, and evoke implantation disturbance. Treatment with an insulin-sensitizing agent (metformin) improves the levels of glycodelin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, and blood flow in spiral arteries during the peri-implantation period. It supports endometrial function, improves the endometrial environment, and facilitates embryo implantation. The rate of early pregnancy loss during the first trimester is 30-50% in women with PCOS, which is threefold higher than for normal women. Metformin treatment improves the levels of insulin, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, and decreases early pregnancy loss. It goes without saying that lifestyle change is fundamental for improving reproductive performance in addition to treatment with insulin-sensitizing agents.
Aims:
The purpose of this study was to classify complicated uterine movements obtained
by MRI scanner and investigate the relationship between uterine peristalsis and female infertility.
Methods:
Uterine movements are classified into six fundamental movements by their motility form
and directions. Computer simulation of the uterine movements is performed.
Results:
Comparison results between the real MRI images and the simulated images showed that
any five in our dataset uterine movement was successfully reproduced by a combination of these
six fundamental movements. The point and surface vibration model appropriately mimicked the
movements with the propagation velocity of 0.68 [mm/sec].
Conclusion:
By analyzing six fundamental movements using data from 26 MRI scans, it was
found that two fundamental movements were identified as candidate factors for female infertility.
The changes in rate of turnover of catecholamines (CA) in rat ovary during the estrous cycle were examined. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline (80mg/kg ip), or saline as a control was injected at 12:00 h of each stage of the ovarian cycle, animals were decapitated 1 h later, and their ovaries were removed. Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were extracted and measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The turnover rate of NE in the ovary was significantly (P>0.05) lower in proestrus of the estrous cycle than in diestrus‐1 and diestrus‐2. The turnover rate of DA in the ovary was slightly, but not significantly, lower in proestrus than in other stages of the ovarian cycle. These results suggest that decrease in the NE turnover rate in the ovary may be involved in the ovulatory process.
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