Carbon-free fuel is effective in preventing global warming. Hydrogen has no carbon and can be made also from nuclear energy or reproducible energies other than fossil fuels. However, hydrogen lacks portability because of its difficulty in liquefying, but ammonia can easily be liquefied at a room temperature and dissociated into high-content hydrogen and nitrogen using a suitable catalyst. An ammonia dissociation system for fuel cells is proposed in this paper. The residual ammonia by 13 ppm or more in the dissociated gas (H 2 +N 2 ) causes a decrease in the output of fuel cells. To separate residual ammonia, it should be sent to an ammonia separator and then to an ammonia distiller. In the experiment, the authors examine the concentrations of ammonia after dissociation at various temperatures, pressures and space velocities. The ammonia separator uses the fact that ammonia dissolves well in water. Then the ammonia water is distilled in the distiller. Thereby, the authors have proposed an ammonia circulation system that is a clean energy system.
A new parameter U** that represents load paths in structures is applied to a truck cab under collision. Since the main part of a compartment should be maintained in a linear elastic condition, a linear U** analysis can be applied. U** for the deformed body is statically calculated from the extracted deformation results of a crash simulation. A substitutionmodulus method is applied to reproduce the material and geometrical nonlinearities. An index "m2-4msU**" is proposed as a standard condition for the truck cab. The predominant load paths along the floor member and the shear effect of the floor panel are demonstrated.
We studied flow-through type metallic Particulate Matter(PM) filter for diesel after treatment system. The structure could be verified advantage of soot oxidation due to tridimensional gas diffusion structure compared with wall-flow type PM filter. As a result, this metallic PM filter can be the simple vehicle application for soot reduction technology, and we got a improvement way of continuous re-generation system.
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