Pourquoi l'administration directe russe sur les nomades kirghiz était-elle dépendante des manaps ou chefs tribaux ? Tetsu Akiyama During the subjugation of Ferghana forty-one years ago, the Kirgiz [i.e. Kyrgyz], who are now roused into action, crossed over the mountains to Ferghana with their renowned leader Lieutenant Colonel Shabdan Dzhantaev, and assisted [the Russian officer M.D.] Skobelev in the subjugation of the population that had settled there.
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