ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among diabetes patients attending Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.ResultPrevalence of desirable self-care behaviors toward Diabetes Mellitus was 28.4% (95% CI 24.0–32.7%). There were significant association between the combined treatment modality of tablet with insulin (AOR: 2.72; 95% CI 1.01, 7.40), primary and secondary education level (AOR: 4.82; 95% CI 1.88, 12.35 and AOR: 3.08; 95% CI 1.26, 7.53, respectively). A considerable number of the patients had poor self-care practice, especially lack of social support and treatment modality, which have critical roles in controlling diabetes. Therefore, attention should be given to improve self-care practice.

Objective This study was aimed to assess medication non-adherence and associated factors among adult diabetes in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital Bahir Dar city administration. To overcome this object, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 randomly selected diabetes patients at the Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH). Eight item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale questionnaire was used to assess medication non-adherence. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the collected data. P-value less than 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant between dependent and explanatory variables. Result Among 416 participants, 242 (58.2%) were male diabetes patient. The mean age (± SD) of the study participant was 45.4 (± 16. 7) years. Based on the MMAS-8 scale, non-adherence to diabetes medication was 68.8% [95% CI 62.0, 71.4]. The multivariate analysis, age group from 18 to 35 years old (AOR: 2.26: 95% CI 1.23, 5.58), single (AOR: 3.55; 95% CI 1.59, 7.29), fear of diabetes related complication (AOR: 3.01; 95% CI 1.66, 5.53) and feeling worse (AOR: 2.55; 95% CI 1.45, 4.53) were significantly associated with non-adherence to prescribed diabetes medications. Therefore, developing a more intensive communication strategy and improving the quality of prescribed drug compliance could improve the level of adherence.

Objective Pressure ulcers (PU) are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue because of prolonged pressure. It affects millions of people in the world. One of the major nursing roles is to prevent patients from developing PU. Inadequate knowledge of nurses' toward PU can have a significant effect on preventive care strategies. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis study was to assess the overall level of nurses’ knowledge about the prevention of pressure ulcers. Methods A systemic review of primary research was undertaken and nurses’ knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention was evaluated. All original cross-sectional studies conducted only in Ethiopia in the English language were included in this meta-analysis. After extraction, the data analysis was done using STATA version 11 statistical software. Based on heterogeneity between the studies, the data were analyzed using a random effects model. Results In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all the studies on nurses' knowledge on the prevention of PU were reviewed based on the PRISMA statement. The overall knowledge of nurses’ on pressure ulcer prevention was 46.24 % (95 % CI: 26.63–65.85). Conclusion The overall knowledge of nurses’ on pressure ulcer prevention was low in this meta-analysis study. Sustainable training about the prevention of PU is very important for all nurses.

Background Self-care practice among people with diabetes is not well-implemented in Ethiopia. So far, in Ethiopia, several observational studies have been done on self-care practice and its determinants in people with diabetes. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of strong evidence for designing intervention is lacking. So, this review with a meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap. Methods A systematic review of an observational study is conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Three reviewers have been searched and extracted from the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal (SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Articles’ quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers, and only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the final analysis. The review presented the pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care practice in people with diabetes and the odds ratios of risk factors hindering to self-care practice after checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. The review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD 42020149478. Results We included 21 primary studies (with 7,134 participants) in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care in the diabetes population was 49.91 (95% CI: 44.73–55.08, I2 = 89.8%). Male (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 1.84 95%CI; 1.04–2.64, I2 = 15.0%), having private glucometer (POR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.46–3.95, I2 = 0.0%), short-term Diabetes Mellitus (DM) duration (POR: 3.69; 95%CI: 1.86–5.52, I2 = 0.0%), DM complication (POR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.48–2.95, I2 = 0.0%), treatment satisfaction (POR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.15–2.44, I2 = 0.0%), received diabetes self-management education (POR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.46–3.95, I2 = 0.0%) and poor self-efficacy (POR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.70–4.48, I2 = 0.0%) were statistically significant factors of non-adherence to self-care practice. Conclusions The overall pooled proportion of non-adherence to self-care among adult diabetes in Ethiopia was high. Further works would be needed to improve self-care practice in the diabetes population. So, factors that were identified might help to revise the plan set by the country, and further research might be required to health facility fidelity and each domain of self-care practice according to diabetes self-management guideline.

Background The burden and contribution of modifiable risk factors of stroke in Ethiopia are unclear. Knowledge about this burden and modifying risk factors is pivotal for establishing stroke prevention strategies. In recent decades, the issue of lifestyle and behavioral modification is a key to improve the quality of life. The modifiable risk factors are an importance as intervention strategies aimed at reducing these factors can subsequently reduce the risk of stroke. So far, many primary studies were conducted to estimate the burden of stroke and modifiable risk factors in Ethiopia. However, the lack of a nationwide study that determines the overall pooled estimation of burden and modifiable risk factors of stroke is a research gap. Methods To conduct this systemic review and meta-analysis, we are following the PRISMA checklist. Three authors searched and extracted the data from the CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, EMcare, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google scholar. The quality of the primary study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) by two independent reviewers. The primary studies with low and moderate risk of bias were included in the final analysis. The authors presented the pooled estimated burden of stroke and its modifiable risk factors. The registered protocol number in PROSPERO was CRD42020221906. Results In this study, the pooled burden of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were 46.42% (95%CI: 41.82–51.53; I2 = 91.6%) and 51.40% (95%CI: 46.97–55.82; I2 = 85.5%) respectively. The overall magnitude of modifiable risk factor of hypertension, alcohol consumption and dyslipidemia among stroke patients were 49% (95%CI: 43.59, 54.41), 24.96% (95CI%:15.01, 34.90), and 20.99% (95%CI: 11.10, 30.88), respectively. The least proportion of stroke recovery was in the Oromia region (67.38 (95%CI: 41.60–93.17; I2 = 98.1%). Farther more, the proportion of stroke recovery was decreased after 2017 (70.50 (56.80–84.20). Conclusions In our study, more than 90% of stroke patients had one or more modifiable risk factors. All identified modifiable stroke risk factors are major public health issues in Ethiopia. Therefore, strategy is designed for stroke prevention to decrease stroke burden through targeted modification of a single risk factor, or a cluster of multiple risk factors, used on a population, community, or individual level.