A significant improvement in oral health-related QoL was noted between phases I and III in the surgery and non-surgery groups. Such improvement was less pronounced in the non-surgery vs. the surgery group. From phase II to III, neither surgery nor non-surgical treatment yielded significant improvement in oral health-related QoL.

Two methods were used to compare the rates of dead cell removal from pieces of tumor implanted in brain, muscle, subcutaneous (sc) tissue, and peritoneal cavity of rats. The weight of implanted tumor pieces, rendered nonviable either by lethal irradiation or by several freeze•thaw cycles, was followed as a function of post• implantation time. A large initial weight increase occurred in tumors implanted in sc tissue and brain, but not in muscle. The subsequent weight reduction of implanted tumors indicated that the rate of dead tumor•cell removal was greatest in muscle, intermediate in sc tissue, and least in brain. The loss of 125 1 label from dead tumor pre• labeled with 125 2'-deoxy•5•iodouridine was followed during the postimplantation period by counting either the whole animal or the isolated DNA from excised tumor masses. Loss of the 125 1 label from tumor implants in situ and from extracted DNA failed to correlate with the removal of dead cells.

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Sarcopeniaaging-related loss of muscle mass and muscle strengthis a key feature of the frailty model. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular biological changes associated with aging in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of senescenceaccelerated mouse prone 8 mouse model by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.Methods: Three groups of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice were used, namely, 12-week-old (young; n = 5), 40-week-old (elderly; n = 5) and 55-week-old mice (late elderly; n = 5). The extensor digitorum longus muscle was collected. After preliminary analyses, metabolome analysis was carried out by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Additionally, we examined whether the activity of enzymes in the metabolic pathway fluctuated with aging, by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Among the 116 water-soluble metabolites associated with the central energy metabolism pathway, changes were observed in 19 metabolites between 12-and 40 -weeksold, in 40 metabolites between 40-and 55-weeks-old, and in 57 metabolites between 12-and 55-weeks-old. The fluctuated metabolites that were common among the groups were Val, putrescine and His. The levels of putrescine, associated with cell proliferation, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis, and β-Ala and His, a component of carnosine that is characterized by its anti-oxidant and anti-fatigue effects, decreased with age.Conclusions: We confirmed that there were two aging-related metabolic changes in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Based on the changes in metabolites, cell senescence and fatigue in the extensor digitorum longus muscle might increase in old mice compared with those in young mice, showing molecular biological changes with aging.

Background With improvements in the safety and stability of surgeries, the number of orthognathic surgeries is increasing. Most patients who undergo orthognathic surgeries are younger, and the number of orthognathic surgeries for patients with comorbidities is also increasing. We report a survey and clinical investigation of patients with comorbidities who underwent orthognathic surgeries at our department to improve the safety of orthognathic surgery. Results The participants included 296 men and 712 women, with a mean age of 28 years (13–19 years, n=144; 20–29 years, n=483; 30–39 years, n=236; 40–49 years, n=102; 50–59 years, n=39; ≥60 years, n=4). In total, 347 patients underwent one-stage Le Fort type I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), 243 underwent SSRO, 287 underwent plate removal, 126 underwent genioplasty and plate removal, and five underwent other surgeries. In total, 529 patients had comorbidities (52%), including allergic diseases (n=220, 33%), respiratory diseases (n=107, 16%), neurologic and psychiatric diseases (n=69, 10%), gynecologic diseases (n=28, 4%), hematologic diseases (n=27, 4%), cardiovascular diseases (n=24, 4%), digestive diseases (n=22, 3%), metabolic and endocrine diseases (n=18, 3%), spinal diseases (n=11, 2%), ophthalmologic diseases (n=11, 2%), renal and urological diseases (n=9, 1%), and other diseases (n=117, 18%). Among the patients with comorbidities, 11 with hemorrhagic diatheses (hemophilia and von Willebrand disease), arrhythmia (atrioventricular block), psychiatric disease (adjustment disorder), and metabolic disease (diabetes) required cautious perioperative management. The patient with hemophilia was managed with regular low-dose recombinant factor VIII replacement therapy, and the patient with type I diabetes mellitus was administered continuous insulin infusion and sliding-scale insulin therapy; both patients had an uneventful course. Conclusions The study findings suggest that with the increase in orthognathic surgeries, oral and maxillofacial surgeons should adequately manage cases requiring cautious perioperative control and highlight the importance of preoperative screening. Despite the well-established safety and postoperative stability of orthognathic surgeries, oral surgeons should adopt appropriate additional preventive measures for patients with comorbidities.

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Background: The frequency of surgical treatments in older adult patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy is increasing; hence, appropriate measures should be undertaken to ensure a safe treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of tooth extraction in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy and confirm an evidence-based approach for such procedures based on relevant guidelines. Materials and methods: This study included 165 patients (184 cases) receiving antithrombotic therapy while undergoing outpatient tooth extraction. Medical records of these patients were examined to obtain data on patients' clinical and demographic characteristics and characteristics of the tooth extraction procedure. Results: Warfarin was used in 25 patients (26 cases). A total of 26 (33 cases) and 91 (101 cases) patients received direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and antiplatelet drugs, respectively. Dual antiplatelet therapy with the concomitant use of anticoagulants was administered to 15 (16 cases) patients. Drug therapy was suspended in five cases. A total of 14 cases had post-extraction bleeding, accounting for 7.1% of the total cases. Among patients with suspended drug administration, only suturing was performed for those taking DOAC. Conclusions: This study indicated that it is tend to require local hemostatic agents in the patients involving DOACs especially. In addition, we reconfirmed that tooth extraction in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy should be conducted in compliance with guidelines.