The multiplex RT-PCR assay described in this study is the first report of simultaneous detection of virus and viroid in dahlia. This method represents a rapid, sensitive and cost effective approach to diagnose viral infections in dahlias. A field survey validated our results, indicating that TSWV was the dominant virus found in the Kansai region, DMV in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions and CSVd in the Hokkaido region.
Annual changes and the lack of uniformity in the flowering period are recent problems in small-flowered chrysanthemum production shipped in early August in Japan. In order to improve the annual stability and uniformity in the flowering period, 'Kasuga-no-beni' was selected among the breeding lines where by the difference in the average flowering day under unheated plastic house and open field conditions was within five days for four years. 'Kasuga-no-beni' bloomed in early August every year under both conditions from 2010 to 2013. When 'Kasuga-no-beni' and the traditional cultivar 'Hiroshima-beni' were cultivated at constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25°C using growth chambers, we found that the unfolding rate and flower bud differentiation of 'Kasuga-no-beni' grown at 10 and 15°C were slower than those of 'Hiroshima-beni'. Next, the effects of the normal year temperature ± 3.5°C for 2 weeks from the vegetative growth phase to the reproductive growth phase on the flowering period were investigated. In the vegetative growth phase, the node number of flower bud differentiation decreased as the temperature increased in the temperature range of 17 to 25°C, which is higher than that of 'Hiroshima-beni'. In the reproductive growth phase, the flowering date of both cultivars was delayed with an increase from 22 to 29°C, however, the number of prolonged days in 'Kasuga-no-beni' was lower than that in 'Hiroshima-beni'. As for the uniformity of flowering, the peak rate of flowering stems of 'Kasuga-no-beni' that bloomed in August 2-5 was higher than that of the control cultivars. The period from the beginning to the end of flowering in 'Kasuga-no-beni' was shorter than in the control cultivars.
Key Words:annual
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