The distribution and nucleotide sequences of chrysanthemum stunt viroid in dahlia fields in Japan and the effect of its infection on the growth of dahlias

Evaluation of the pathogenicity of chrysanthemum stunt viroid variants against dahlia under different conditions

“…Diseases caused by infection with several viruses and viroids, including chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), are one of the main problems affecting dahlia production in Japan (Asano et al, 2020). Vegetative propagations such as stem cuttings and tuberous roots are mainly used in dahlia production.…”

“…Natural infection by CSVd has been reported in some plants, including Dahlia spp. (Asano et al, 2015; Asano et al, 2020; Nakashima et al, 2007), Chrysanthemum morifolium (Matsushita, 2013), Petunia hybrida (Verhoeven et al, 1998), Solanum jasminoides (Verhoeven et al, 2006), Solanum tuberosum (Matsushita et al, 2019), Vinca spp. (Nie et al, 2005), Argyranthemum frutescens (Menzel & Maiss, 2000) and wild Chrysanthemum spp.…”

“…CSVd‐induced symptoms in dahlias, including plant stunting, decreased leaf and flower size, changes in flower colour and increased rates of blown centres in the flowers, cause severe losses to production (Asano et al, 2020). In chrysanthemum, infection of CSVd elicited plant stunting and the appearance of small leaves (Horst et al, 1977; Matsushita, 2013).…”

“…In chrysanthemum, infection of CSVd elicited plant stunting and the appearance of small leaves (Horst et al, 1977; Matsushita, 2013). Both mechanical inoculations, with sap from CSVd‐infected plants or employing in vitro RNA transcripts of CSVd, were able to promote viroid infection and replication in dahlias, and the infection rates ranged from 42.9% to 100% three months after inoculation (Asano et al, 2020). Symptoms of stunting were apparent in dahlias 34 days after pinching, when the seedlings were derived from CSVd‐infected mother plants (Asano et al, 2020).…”

“…Both mechanical inoculations, with sap from CSVd‐infected plants or employing in vitro RNA transcripts of CSVd, were able to promote viroid infection and replication in dahlias, and the infection rates ranged from 42.9% to 100% three months after inoculation (Asano et al, 2020). Symptoms of stunting were apparent in dahlias 34 days after pinching, when the seedlings were derived from CSVd‐infected mother plants (Asano et al, 2020). However, there are no reports evaluating the effect of CSVd infection timing on the occurrence of symptoms in dahlias.…”