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Most ADHD drugs prescribed for very young children are off-label, which is concerning owing to lack of safety and efficacy data in this vulnerable population.

Chemical dot thermometers are used widely, but their clinical accuracy is not well documented. Temperature measurements with chemical dot and electronic thermometers were compared at the oral site in 27 adults and the axillary site in 44 adults and 34 young children in critical care units. In adults, mean readings with chemical dot thermometers were lower by -0.4 degrees C orally, but higher by 0.4 degrees C in the axilla. Axillary readings in children did not differ significantly with the two methods, although individual differences of +/- 0.4 degrees C or more were common. Chemical dot thermometers provided rough temperature estimates, performing differently at the oral and axillary sites and in the two age groups.

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NPs overall prescribe in a similar pattern to physicians when given the authority to prescribe controlled substances for ADHD. Comparisons between prescriber types for controlled substance prescribing by age should be explored further to identify possible variance from national guidelines.

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