OBJETIVO: Analisar o consumo alimentar, o ambiente socioeconômico, a freqüência de anemia ferropriva e o estado nutricional de pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: A população estudada constituiu-se de 89 crianças de 24 a 72 meses de idade, assistidas em creches municipais de Viçosa, MG. Foram avaliados: nível de hemoglobina, peso, estatura, presença de parasitose, consumo alimentar dos pré-escolares e o perfil biossocioeconômico de suas famílias. RESULTADOS: O estado nutricional do grupo foi considerado satisfatório, e a prevalência de anemia relativamente baixa (11,2%). Condições adequadas de saneamento, nível razoável de escolaridade dos pais, baixo número de filhos e ausência de parasitas envolvidos com a gênese da anemia podem justificar o perfil observado. Não foi observada associação da anemia ferropriva nem com desnutrição nem com parasitose. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de alguns fatores biossocioeconômicos apresentarem-se favoráveis ao estado nutricional e à baixa prevalência de anemia, observa-se, entretanto, que a insuficiente renda per capita e a dieta deficiente poderão levar esse grupo de pré-escolares, no futuro, a um pior estado de saúde.

The article presents prevalence rates for malnutrition, intestinal parasitic infections, anemia, and iron deficiency in under-five children in a population-based cross-sectional survey performed in the urban area of two counties in the Western Brazilian Amazon, Assis Brasil (n = 200) and Acrelandia (n = 477). Available data included: (a) weight and height measurements, standardized as z-scores using the 1977 NCHS reference population, (b) diagnosis of current intestinal parasitic infection, (c) blood hemoglobin levels, and (d) plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor levels. Overall prevalence rates of low weight-for-height, low weight-for-age, and low height-for-age were 3.7%, 8.7%, and 7.5%, respectively, with similar figures in the two towns. Intestinal parasites were detected in 32.5% children; helminths were uncommon. Anemia and iron deficiency were diagnosed in 30.6% and 43.5% of the children, respectively. Evidence of anemia was found in only 47.6% of the children with depleted iron reserves, indicating that hemoglobin measurement alone would severely underestimate the magnitude of iron deficiency in this population. In both towns, anemia and malnutrition were significantly more prevalent among children in the lowest socioeconomic stratum.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Vegetable fats Milk performance Milk CLA Dairy eweTwo experiments were carried out to study the effects of supplementing the ration of lactating ewes with vegetable fats (sunflower oil, SO or hydrogenated palm oil, HPO; HIDROPALM®) on diet digestibility, milk yield and milk composition, and on the concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) C18:2 cis-9 trans-11 and C18:l trans-11 (vaccenic acid, VA) and other main fatty acids in milk fat. Treatments involved a control diet, without added oil, and 2 diets supplemented with either 12g/kg SO or 12g/kg HPO on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the first experiment, 6 non-pregnant, non-lactating Lacaune ewes were used following a 3 x 3 replicated Latin Square design. Addition of vegetable fat supplement to the diet increased digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), but did not affect that of the ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) or acid detergent fibre (ADF). In the second experiment, 60 Lacaune dairy ewes mid-way through lactation (120 ±12 days in milk, 0.98 ± 0.03 kg/day average milk yield) were divided into three equalsized groups each of which was assigned to one of the three experimental diets for4 weeks. Compared with the control treatment, supplementation with HPO increased milk yield and energy-corrected milk. But neither vegetable fat supplement modified percentages of fat and protein in milk. Supplementation with HPO increased C14:l, C16:l and C16:0 content and reduced C18:0 and C18:l cis-9 content in milk fat. Supplementation with SO increased the VA content in milk fat by 36% and that of cis-9 trans-11 CLA by 29% in comparison with the control diet. Supplementation with HPO led to milk fat with 15% more cis-9 trans-11 CLA than control milk. In conclusion, adding a moderate dose of HPO or SO to the diets increased CLA concentration in milk fat. Nevertheless, supplementation with SO was more effective than HPO in increasing CLA concentration in milk fat and reducing the atherogenicity index, improving milk quality from the human health standpoint.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTTwenty-seven lambs were used to investigate the effects of the inclusion of 4% hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) or sunflower oil (SFO) in the concentrate on animal performance, carcass and meat quality and fat characteristics and fatty acid composition. Animals (16.2 ±0.27 kg initial weight) were fed concentrate (Control, HPO or SFO) and barley straw ad libitum and slaughtered at 25 kg. SFO lambs tended to eat less concentrate than HPO animals (P< 0.10). Neither HPO nor SFO affected any of the carcass characteristics studied, meat pH and meat and fat colour (P> 0.05). SFO decreased proportions of CI 6:0, CI 8:1 Keywords:císJ 2 and clg;3 ( P< 0>05 ) and i ncrea sed C18:l trans (P< 0.001) and C18:2/C18:3 ratio (P< 0.05). Ath-S flow -, erogenicity index was lower (P< 0.05) when SFO was included in the concentrate. HPO did not affected Fattening lambs anc ' ^FO improved fatty acid composition of fattening lambs without affecting animal performance. Fatty acid Atherogenicity

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vegetable oil supplementation of ewe diets on the performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of their suckling lambs. Forty-eight pregnant Churra ewes (mean BW 64.3 6 0.92 kg) with their 72 newborn lambs (prolificacy 5 1.5) were assigned to one of four experimental diets, supplemented with 3% of hydrogenated palm (PALM), olive (OLI), soya (SOY) or linseed (LIN) oil. Lambs were nourished exclusively by suckling from their respective mothers. Ewes were milked once daily, and milk samples were taken once a week. When lambs reached 11 kg, they were slaughtered and samples were taken from musculus longissimus dorsi (intramuscular fat) and subcutaneous fat tissue. No changes were observed in milk yield, proximal composition or lamb performance (P . 0.10). Milk and lamb subcutaneous and intramuscular fat samples from the PALM diet had the highest saturated fatty acid concentration, whereas those of the OLI, SOY and LIN diets had the lowest (P , 0.05). The greatest monounsaturated fatty acid concentration was observed in milk from ewes fed OLI, and the least in milk and in lamb subcutaneous and intramuscular fat samples from LIN and PALM diets. Milk and lamb fat from ewes fed PALM displayed the highest 16:0 proportion and the lowest 18:0 (P , 0.05). There were higher concentrations of cis-9 18:1 in OLI samples (P , 0.05), more 18:2n-6 in SOY lambs and milk fat (P , 0.001) and the highest levels of 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 in LIN samples (P , 0.01). Milk and lamb subcutaneous and intramuscular samples from SOY and LIN diets contained the most cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid, whereas PALM samples had the least (P , 0.01). Sheep diet supplementation with different oils, constituting up to 3% of their diets, resulted in changes in the FA composition of milk and the subcutaneous and intramuscular fat of suckling lambs, but did not affect either milk production or lamb performance.

Estudo transversal de base populacional que investigou prevalênciasde anemia e fatores associados à anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de ferro entre crianças de 6 a 60 meses da área urbana de dois municípios do Acre, Brasil (N = 624). Dosagens de hemoglobina sanguínea, ferritina e receptor solúvel de transferrina plasmáticas foram realizadas mediante sangue venoso. Condições sócio-econômicas, demográficas e de morbidade foram obtidas por questionário. Razões de prevalências foram calculadas por regressão de Poisson em modelo hierárquico. As prevalências de anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de ferro foram de 30,6%, 20,9% e 43,5%, respectivamente. Menores de 24 meses apresentaram maior risco para anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de ferro. Pertencer ao maior tercil do índice de riqueza conferiu proteção contra anemia ferropriva (RP = 0,62; IC95%: 0,40-0,98). Pertencer ao maior quartil do índice estatura/idade foi protetor contra anemia (0,62; 0,44-0,86) e anemia ferropriva (0,51; 0,33-0,79), e ocorrência recente de diarréia representou risco (anemia: 1,47; 1,12-1,92 e anemia ferropriva: 1,44; 1,03-2,01). A infestação por geohelmintos conferiu risco para anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de ferro.

This study aimed to evaluate: the coverage of the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN) in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and it Regional Health Offices in 2006; the nutritional status of children 0-10 years of age; and the reliability of data on nutritional status recorded in the system. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with secondary data on 63,320 children. Coverage was defined as the proportion of children younger than 10 years covered by the Family Health Strategy in the State's various municipalities (counties). Height-for-age (H/A) and body mass index for age (BMI/A) were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Agreement between the nutritional classifications recorded in the system and those calculated in this study was evaluated with the weighted kappa coefficient (at 5%). The system's coverage in the State of Rio Grande do Sul was 10.5%. Low height-for-age was found in 7.1% of children and overweight in 8.4%. Agreement between the classifications showed a kappa coefficient of 0.43. The system's coverage and agreement between classifications were both low, and the study showed the coexistence of high overweight and stunting rates in this age group.