Abstract. The presence of fascioliasis was assessed in four Andean communities using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to measure antibodies against Fasciola hepatica excretion-secretion antigens. Six percent (9 out of 150) of the individuals in one community were ELISA-positive for these antibodies. Fecal samples from two of the ELISA-positive individuals contained F. hepatica ova. All of the ELISA-positive cases, except for one, were children within the ages of 9 to 12 years.

No abstract

The use of wastewater for irrigation and animal manure as fertilizer can cause transmission of intestinal pathogens, conditions frequently observed in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). Here, we tested the ability of Salmonella to grow in the faecal matter. We inoculated freshly isolated Salmonella strains (from chickens) in chicken faecal matter and incubated for 1 to 12 days, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We found that both Salmonella and Escherichia coli multiplied massively in faecal matter outside a host and significantly higher in aerobic conditions. Our results have critical implications in waste management, as we demonstrate that aerobic treatments may not be the best to reduce the number of Salmonella in the environment.

No abstract

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne diseases. Bacteriophages provide an option to reduce the presence of Salmonella . Here, we describe the isolation of two lytic Salmonella bacteriophages. The complete genomes were annotated and show similarity to that of the lytic phage NBSal001, in the Drexlerviridae family.

The use of wastewater for irrigation and animal manure as fertilizer can cause transmission of intestinal pathogens, conditions frequently observed in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Here we tested the ability of Salmonella to grow in the fecal matter; we inoculated freshly isolated Salmonella strains (from chickens) in chicken fecal matter and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hrs under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We found that both Salmonella and E. coli multiplied massively in fecal matter outside a host for 72 hrs, being their growth higher in aerobic conditions. Our results have critical implications in waste management, as we demonstrate that aerobic treatments may not be the best to reduce the number of Salmonella in the environment.

particularmente en mayor riesgo, debido entre otros factores a la falta de acceso a atención odontológica, por el costo o falta general de información acerca de la importancia de la misma en la salud general y bienestar de las personas. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia de caries de menores en situación de calle afectados por la pobrezaen la Fundación DEQUENI, sede Ypané, en el año 2013. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, en 70 menores de 12 y 15 años de edad. Se consideraron variables demográfi cas, caries dental, anomalías de oclusión, y estilo de vida. Resultados: El 54,29% pertenecía al sexo femenino. El índice CPO-D fue 6,57 (DE=3,54). El 44,3% de los padres afi rmaron que alguna vez les enseñaron sobre salud bucal. Se informó un 100% de frecuencia de uso de cepillo dental y el 97,14% refi rió cepillarse 3 veces al día. En cuanto a la dieta, el 48,57% de la población refi ere al menos 5 comidas al día, el 64,29% refi ere alta frecuencia de consumo de bebidas gaseosas entre las comidas o luego de la cena. Conclusiones: Los resultados ubican a esta población con una alta experiencia de caries dental y por ende una necesidad terapéutica proporcional a lasmismas en concomitancia con la implementación de programas de prevención.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an emerging problem worldwide; antimicrobials used in animal husbandry are the most important factor in the propagation of resistance genes, because the amount of antibiotics used in the animal industry is greater than in the medical field. Since phages constitute a safe alternative for the control of human pathogenic bacteria in food, this project aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. bacteriophages and use them to reduce the presence of this pathogen in poultry at the farm level, without the use of antibiotics. We obtained phage cocktails that showed lytic activity in vitro against 83% of the Salmonella strains isolated from poultry farms. The cocktails with the greatest spectrum of activity against Salmonella were obtained from nearby polluted rivers. We were able to eliminate the pathogen from the chicken intestine when phages were applied 48 hours before the animals were slaughtered, but it is necessary to maintain a permanent monitoring of the phage's lytic activity against resistant strains of Salmonella.