In this paper, we develop an econometric analysis of the intra-and interregional trade flows of the accommodation, restaurant industry, and travel agency sectors in Spain by means of several specifications of the gravity model and three alternative databases containing the monetary flows for 2001 and 2007. The results obtained show the existence of an important border effect in favour of the intraregional trade of tourism, and verify a minor elasticity of the trade flows in some characteristic tourism sectors in relation to distance. Finally, the two main typologies of flows -tourist establishments and second homes -are modelled separately, identifying specific factors for explaining each category. JEL classification: C21, R12, L8, L83
When modelling interregional flows it is standard to identify the origin and destination of a flow with the point of production and consumption. However, the presence of hub-spoke structures or multimodal flows may introduce bias, such as being an additional source for cross-sectional correlation between dyadic flows. The aim of this paper is to model inter-provincial flows within a country (Spain) considering this potential bias using a novel dataset with 50 inter-provincial flows and four transport modes. We then feed this dataset into various specifications of a gravity model that incorporates crosssectional dependence attributable to hub-spoke structures. express their gratitude to the UAM and the Ministry of Education and Science respectively for their generous FPI and FPU scholarships. Much-appreciated comments from various colleagues have served to improve the quality and scope of previous versions of this manuscript. However, any errors herein are entirely the responsibility of the authors. We all want to express our sincere gratitude to J.P. Lesage for gratefully sharing his Matlab routines in www.spatial-econometrics.com , which served as a base for our personal developments. Both investigations were developed in the context of three research projects: the C-intereg Project (www.c-intereg.es), founded by seven Tendance intra-nationale à privilégier le marché intérieur, au niveau des grossistes, de structures en étoile, et des livraisons par des moddes de transport multimodaux RÉSUMÉ lors de la modélisation de flux interrégionaux, la méthode standard consiste à identifier l'origine et la destination d'un flux avec le point de production et la consommation. Toutefois, la présence de structures en étoile ou de flux multimodaux est susceptible de fausser les données, en constituant, par exemple, une source additionnelle de corrélation transversale entre des flux dyadiques. Le but de la présente communication est de modéliser des flux interprovinciaux au sein d'un certain pays (l'Espagne), en tenant compte de ce parti pris potentiel, et en tenant compte d'un nouvel ensemble de données avec cinquante flux interprovinciaux et quatre modes de transport. Nous intégrons ensuite cet ensemble de données dans différentes spécifications d'un modèle à gravité incorporant une dépendance transversale attribuable à une structure en étoile.Favoritismo local intranacional en la presencia de mayoristas, estructuras de interconexión radial y repartos con transporte multimodal RESUMEN al modelar flujos interregionales, es normal determinar el origen y el destino de un flujo con el punto de producción y consumo. Sin embargo, la presencia de estructuras de interconexión radial o flujos multimodales puede dar origen a favoritismos, por ejemplo ser una fuente adicional para la correlación transversal entre flujos diádicos. El objetivo de este estudio es modelar los flujos interprovinciales en un país (España) considerando este posible favoritismo usando un conjunto de datos nuevo con cincuenta flujos interprovinciales y cuatro mo...
El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscriptionSocial networks and trade of services: modelling interregional flows with spatial and network autocorrelation effects Tamara de la Mata • Carlos Llano Abstract Recent literature on border effect has fostered research on informal barriers to trade and the role played by network dependencies. In relation to social networks, it has been shown that intensity of trade in goods is positively correlated with migration flows between pairs of countries/regions. In this article, we investigate whether such a relation also holds for interregional trade of services. We also consider whether interregional trade flows in services linked with tourism exhibit spatial and/or social network dependence. Conventional empirical gravity models assume the magnitude of bilateral flows between regions is independent of flows to/ from regions located nearby in space, or flows to/from regions related through social/cultural/ethic network connections. With this aim, we provide estimates from a set of gravity models showing evidence of statistically significant spatial and network (demographic) dependence in the bilateral flows of the trade of services considered. The analysis has been applied to the Spanish intra-and interregional monetary flows of services from the accommodation, restaurants and travel agencies for the period 2000 2009, using alternative datasets for the migration stocks and definitions of network effects.Keywords Social networks Á Gravity models Á Trade of services Á Internal tourism Á Bayesian spatial autoregressive regression model Á Spatial connectivity of origin destination flows
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