For the management of the nematode of Meloidogyne incognita nodule in plants of Solanum lycopersicum L., the effectiveness of plant extracts: Ruta graveolens, Eucalyptus spp., Ocimum basilicum, Acacia farnesiana, and Nicotiana tabacum, and as a control fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus 6.5x10 13 UFC/g were used. For each treatment, 5000 nematodes J2 of M. incognita/plant were used. The extracts were applied per intervals of 10 days in three occasions. The assessed variables were: plant height, performance at eight cuts and efficiency of the extracts at 20 weeks after the transplant. The results show there were no significant differences among treatments for the plant height. Regarding the performance with A. farnesiana, it obtained the highest performance (18.46 kg m-2), followed by P. lilacinus (6.5x10 13 UFC/g) with 16.46 kg m-2. Both treatments are statistically different from the treatments, control (12.91 kg m-2), R. graveolens and O. basilicum (13.03 and 13.8 kg m-2), respectively. Regarding the effectiveness for the reduction of the nematode in soil, A. farnesiana reduced it by 57% and P. lilacinum fungus by 50.5%. So, the use of vegetable extracts for the management of nematodes populations of the Meloidogyne gender is an alternative way because they act as repellents and cause the death of nematodes.
La restricción del agua y altas temperaturas son factores limitantes que afectan el desarrollo de las plantas. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto del estrés hídrico en chile Huacle negro con tres intervalos de tensión de humedad en el suelo (10 a 20, 21 a 30 y 31 a 40 kPa) en camas de siembra con y sin acolchado de 0.9 m de ancho y 6.0 m de largo. Se utilizó un diseño bifactorial con cuatro repeticiones conformadas con 18 plantas cada una. Se evaluaron 27 variables en planta y fruto. La mayor disponibilidad de humedad en el suelo con acolchado aumentó 85% los botones florales, 89% las flores y 61% los frutos respecto al tratamiento con mayor estrés hídrico sin acolchado; además, presentó el mayor rendimiento de fruto seco (122.9 g), frutos más dulces (20.4%), tasa de asimilación neta (0.11 g cm2 d-1), tasa de crecimiento absoluto (2.72 g d-1) y tasa de crecimiento relativo (0.13 g g-1 d-1). La menor tensión de humedad en el suelo produjo mayor altura de planta (65.3 cm) y diámetro del tallo (11 mm). Por último, la mayor tensión de humedad en el suelo con acolchado ocasionó 30% de senescencia.
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