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A RL-CNP with excellent wet strength and water stability was developed by using activated residual lignin as a reinforcement.

Belgium in 1963, and approved for human use by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1970. Unlike inhalation anaesthetics, ketamine provides analgesia, preserves airway reflexes, offers haemodynamic stability, and maintains respiratory drive, which gives ketamine an excellent safety profile. It is therefore a favoured choice for trauma triage, use in man-made and natural disasters, and for many other patients with compromized haemodynamic stability. However, side-effects, such as agitation, hallucinations, and panic attacks, have limited its clinical use as an anaesthetic in affluent countries. Lately, ketamine has found new uses in clinical medicine in addition to renewed threats to its availability. Ketamine has long had a place in the management of acute pain via intraoperative low-dose infusion, especially in opioidtolerant patients, and has likewise been used after surgery with minimal psychomimetic effects. 1 With a growing number of patients diagnosed with chronic pain and only 30-40% of patients achieving adequate to good pain relief, anaesthetists and pain specialists have now looked to ketamine to treat chronic pain syndromes. 2 Activation of N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptors plays a role in central sensitization, wind-up phenomenon, and opioid tolerance. The NMDA receptor is an excitatory glutamate receptor present at spinal and supraspinal sites. In chronic

The significant challenges in the use of cellulose as a replacement for plastic are its mechanical properties’ degradation and uncontrolled deformation during the rewetting process. Herein, inspired by the reinforcement of cellulose by lignin in natural plant tissue, a strong and water-stable lignin–cellulose composite (LCC) was developed. A nanocellulose hybrid lignin complex (CHLC) created from bagasse residue after enzymatic hydrolysis was added into a pulp of bleached fibre extracted from pine to produce a lignin–cellulose sheet. The lignin as a water-stable reinforcing matrix, via the hydrogen bonding of the nanocellulose in the CHLC with the fibre was efficiently introduced onto the fibres and the fibre network voids. Compared with a typical lignin-free cellulose sheet, the dry strength and wet strength of the LCC were 218% and 2233% higher, respectively. The developed LCC is an eco-friendly and biodegradable alternative to plastic.

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In this paper, we present our solutions for the 5th Workshop and Competition on Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW), which includes four sub-challenges of Valence-Arousal (VA) Estimation, Expression (Expr) Classification, Action Unit (AU) Detection and Emotional Reaction Intensity (ERI) Estimation. The 5th ABAW competition focuses on facial affect recognition utilizing different modalities and datasets. In our work, we extract powerful audio and visual features using a large number of sota models. These features are fused by Transformer Encoder and TEMMA. Besides, to avoid the possible impact of large dimensional differences between various features, we design an Affine Module to align different features to the same dimension. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the superiority of the proposed method. For the VA Estimation sub-challenge, our method obtains the mean Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) of 0.6066. For the Expression Classification subchallenge, the average F1 Score is 0.4055. For the AU Detection sub-challenge, the average F1 Score is 0.5296. For the Emotional Reaction Intensity Estimation sub-challenge, the average pearson's correlations coefficient on the validation set is 0.3968. All of the results of four sub-challenges outperform the baseline with a large margin.

To overcome the biological barriers formed by the lignin–carbohydrate complex for releasing fermentable sugars from cellulose by enzymolysis is both imperative and challenging. In this study, a strategy of intergranular swelling of cellulose combined with hydrolysis and oxidation was demonstrated. Pretreatment of the bagasse was evaluated by one bath treatment with phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The chemical composition, specific surface area (SSA), and pore size of bagasse before and after pretreatment were investigated, while the experiments on the adsorption equilibrium of cellulose to cellulase and reagent reuse were also performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed for microscopic morphology observations and glucose analysis, respectively. The results showed that pretreated bagasse was deconstructed into cellulose with a nanofibril network, most of the hemicellulose (~100%) and lignin (~98%) were removed, and the SSA and void were enlarged 11- and 5-fold, respectively. This simple, mild preprocessing method enhanced cellulose accessibility and reduced the biological barrier of the noncellulose component to improve the subsequent enzymolysis with a high glucose recovery (98.60%).