Cellulose nanofibrils with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure for recycled paper enhancement

Cellulose Nanofibers/Pectin/Pomegranate Extract Nanocomposite as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Films and Coating for Paper

“…The well-known unique properties of CNFs such as the high specific surface area, the nanometer wide and micrometer length dimensions, the combination of unique intrinsic mechanical strength with good flexibility properties, and the ability of strong hydrogen bonding along the nanofibers or with other different matrices motivate their application in different areas including papermaking. CNFs can improve mechanical, barrier (air, moisture, oil, and thermal), and printability properties, and reduce paper weight products [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Nevertheless, due to the negative effect of CNFs on the drainage of water during paper sheet formation as a result of their very small size, very high water holding capacity, and ability to fill empty spaces between the pulp fibers and clog pores of the wet web [ 27 , 29 , 30 ], applying CNFs as a surface coating after paper sheet formation instead of applying them as a paper additive has resulted in increasing interest for improving paper properties and the production of novel paper products [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”