This work aimed to research the efficiency of gamma irradiation and shielding characteristics on the lead oxide (PbO) doped the crosslinked polystyrene-b-polyethyleneglycol (PS-b-PEG) block copolymers and polystyrene-b-polyethyleneglycol-boron nitride (PS-b-PEG-BN) nanocomposites materials. The crosslinked PS-b-PEG block copolymers and PS-b-PEG-BN nanocomposites mixed with different percentage rates of PbO were used to research gamma-ray shielding characteristics. The synthesis of the copolymer was done by emulsion polymerization methods. The characterization and morphological analyses of irradiated samples were explored handling with the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) methods. The gamma-rays that were emitted from the E 152u source were observed with a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector system and examined with a GammaVision computer program. Our samples, including the different percentage rates of the PS-b-PEG (1000, 1500, 10,000), BN, and PbO, were irradiated in various gamma-ray photon energy regions (from 121.78 keV to 1408.01 keV). Then, Linear-Mass Attenuation Coefficients (LACs-MACs), Half-Tenth Value Layer (HVL), Mean Free Path (MFP), and Radiation Protection Efficiency (RPE) values of the samples were calculated. Via crosschecking the acquired data from samples with and without PbO and BN, it was observed that, if the different percentage rates by weight nano-powder of PbO and BN are added in the polymer mixture, it can be used as a convenient shielding material against gamma rays.
Summary The work which has been done on cement‐polymer composite based shielding materials was comprehensively described in the present article, the choice of the study presented here is based on the choice of the researches. The new Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane Plaster‐concrete composites mixed with different percentage soft lead oxide and arsenic oxide is used to research gamma‐ray shielding and thermal conductivity characteristics. The synthesis of new Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane copolymer was achieved by Atom Transfer Reaction and Condensation Polymerization methods. The characterization of Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane Plaster was made with the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Gel Permeation Chromatography, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope methods. The transmitted fluxes of gamma‐rays that were emitted from Eu152 source was detected by a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector system at Karadeniz Technical University‐Department of Physics in Trabzon and analyzed by a GammaVision (Version:6.07‐Ortec, Oak Ridge, TN) computer program. The composite phase change materials including 89, 87, 69, 67% Portland cement, 1% and 3% PU‐Plaster, 10% and 30% weight percent lead oxide and arsenic oxide was irradiated in the various gamma ray photon energy region (121.78, 344.28, 778.90, 964.08, 1085.87, 1112.07, and 1408.01 keV) for 3600 seconds. Then, linear attenuation coefficients, mass attenuation coefficients, half‐value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path, radiation protection efficiency, and gamma‐rays absorption of concrete‐the Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane copolymers specimens were experimentally investigated. Thermal properties and morphological analysis of the irradiated substances were explored handling differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope methods of the nano lead oxide and arsenic oxide including composite phase change material via gamma irradiation were submitted. Moreover, the effect of the Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane amount on the radiation attenuation of the composite material was investigated. Gamma attenuation experiments have been performed to specify lead equivalent values for the improved composite material. The composite equivalent thickness values from 0.5 to 0.6 cm sample thickness and 0.665 cm radius were obtained. Via crosschecking the acquired data from concrete samples with and without lead and arsenic, it was observed that, if the powder of lead oxide and arsenic oxide to cement ratio of 10% and 30% by weight is added in the concrete mixture, the concrete‐the Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane composite can be used as a suitable shield against gamma rays. Also, mass attenuation coefficients were calculated as theoret...
In this work, gamma-ray shielding features of crosslinked polystyrene-b-polyethyleneglycol block copolymers (PS-b-PEG) blended with nanostructured selenium dioxide (SeO2) and boron nitride (BN) particles were studied. This research details several radiation shielding factors i.e., mass attenuation coefficient (μm), linear attenuation coefficient (μL), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). The irradiation properties of our nanocomposites were investigated with rays from the 152Eu source (in the energy intervals from 121.780 keV to 1408.010 keV) in a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector system, and analyzed with GammaVision software. Moreover, all radiation shielding factors were determined by theoretical calculus and compared with the experimental results. In addition, the morphological and thermal characterization of all nanocomposites was surveyed with various techniques i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acceptable compatibility was revealed and observed in all nanocomposites between the experimental and theoretical results. The PS-b-PEG copolymer and nanostructured SeO2 and BN particles exerted a significant effect in enhancing the resistance of the nanocomposites, and the samples with high additive rates exhibited better resistance than the other nanocomposites. From the achieved outcomes, it can be deduced that our polymer-based nanocomposites can be utilized as a good choice in the gamma-irradiation-shielding discipline.
In this paper, lattice simulations are used to propose a potential model for gluonic excited Σ − u states of bottomonium meson. This proposed model is used to calculate radial wave functions, masses and radii of Σ − u bottomonium hybrid mesons. Here, the gluonic field between a quark and an antiquark is treated as in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, and the Schrödinger equation is numerically solved employing the shooting method.
In this work, the production of 111In radionuclide has been investigated theoretically via heavy-ion fusion reactions of two stable nuclei: 37Cl+ 74Ge, 26Mg+ 85Rb, 30Si+ 81Br, and 46Ca+ 65Cu reactions. Fusion cross-sections, barrier distributions, and potential energies on mutual orientations in the reactions planes of all reactions have been researched in detail around the barrier region via a coupled channel (CC) model using different codes. First of all, the most suitable codes and calculation parameter sets were determined through the 37Cl+ 74Ge reaction, whose experimental data were available. The compatibility of the calculations via NRV knowledge base, CCFULL, CCDEF codes, and Wong’s formula with experimental data was analyzed. Barrier distributions and cross-sections for heavy-ion fusion reactions have been investigated with miscellaneous codes and vibrational-rotational nuclei combinations for interacting nuclei. Afterward, calculations were made with the determined parameter values for new reaction suggestions (26Mg+ 85Rb, 30Si+ 81Br, and 46Ca+ 65Cu reactions) and the results were compared. This study aims to suggest the new reaction combinations for the production of 111In radionuclide, to explore the impacts of different calculation codes and nuclear parameter combinations on the heavy-ion fusion cross-sections and barrier distributions, to demonstrate that the results are reliable, and to emphasize the importance of developing these studies in the preparation of new experiments.
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