ABSTRAKPERBAIKAN KUALITAS BAHAN PEMBAWA RHIZOBIUM dan FUNGI PELARUT FOSFAT MELALUI STERILISASI SINAR GAMMA Co-60 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI. Varietas unggul kedelai yang dihasilkan dari teknik mutasi radiasi harus didukung oleh teknologi pertanian seperti penggunaan pupuk hayati. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh iradiasi gamma Co-60 terhadap 1) sifat kimia bahan pembawa, 2) viabilitas mikrob dalam bahan pembawa, 3) pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai varietas Mutiara 3. Komposisi bahan pembawa yang diuji meliputi b0= 100% gambut (%w/w), b1= 50% gambut + 50% biochar (% w/w), b2=50% gambut + 50% fosfat alam (% w/w), b3=50% gambut + 25 % biochar + 25 % fosfat alam (% w/w), b4=100% biochar (% w/w). Metode sterilisasi yang digunakan yaitu dengan iradiasi sinar gamma Co-60 (r) dan autoclave (a). Hasil menunjukkan komposisi bahan pembawa dan sterilisasi sinar gamma berpengaruh terhadap sifat kimia bahan pembawa yaitu pH, NO3, dan P tersedia. Viabilitas Rhizobium R35 dan fungi pelarut fosfat FPF4 dengan jumlah populasi tertinggi diperoleh pada bahan pembawa biochar dengan sterilisasi iradiasi sinar gamma. Penggunaan pupuk hayati dengan bahan pembawa biochar yang disterilisasi dengan iradiasi sinar gamma Co-60 berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan serapan N dan serapan P pada biji, dan hasil tanaman kedelai varietas Mutiara 3.
Pupuk organik penting untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia, fisika, dan biologi tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari peran pupuk kandang sapi dalam menyumbangkan nitrogen (N) pada tanaman padi sawah dengan teknik isotop 15N. Penelitian dilakukan di tanah sawah Jayamukti, Karawang Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pupuk kandang dengan dosis 0 t ha-1, 0 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 5 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 10 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 15 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1, 20 t ha-1 + 300 kg N ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk organik dengan dosis 20 t/ha disertai dengan urea 300 kg N ha-1 dapat meningkatkan hasil berat kering gabah secara nyata sebanyak 64,75% dari perlakuan kontrol tanpa pupuk kandang dan tanpa N. Aplikasi pupuk kandang sebesar 15 t ha-1 ditambah N rekomendasi berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan sumbangan N berasal dari tanah pada jerami sebesar 19,98% dari perlakuan tanpa pupuk kandang + N. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan sumbangan atau kontribusi hara terutama N yang berasal dari tanah pada tanaman padi sawah.
Utilization of marginal soil plays important role in improving soybean production in Indonesia. Soybean breeding program targeting high yielding varieties and tolerant to acid soils is estimated to be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach in improving plant productivity on acid soil. The aim of this research was to study plant response under acid soil stress and to identify tolerant and sensitive genotype which might be useful for further breeding program. The experiment was conducted using 28 soybean varieties as genetic material. The experiment was carried out in two parts, including seedling evaluation in hydroponics and plant growth evaluation in polybag using acid soil. The first experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design, consisting of genotype, pH, and AlCl3 treatment as the factors with 5 replications. The second experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 5 replications to identify the plant growth in different genotype and acid soil conditions. The results showed that the low pH and high Al inhibits seedlings root growth of soybean genotypes. The estimation of STI from root and shoot dry weight suggests Detam 1 as the most tolerant genotype followed by other varieties with lower level of tolerance. Plant response was different each genotype to both seedling evaluation in hydroponics and plant growth evaluation using acid soil.
ABSTRAK, and a mixture of those three microbes (ABC) were used as biofertilizers, and applied directly on plant grown in pots. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in this experiment with six treatments and four replicates. The measured parameters were nitrogen (N) uptake, N derived from the soil, N derived from fertilizer, and plant dry weight. These parameters were determined at 20 days after planting. N derived from biofertilizer and N derived from soil were determined by N-15 isotope technique. The results showed that ABC treatment most significanly increase the total N plant (142,42%) and plant dry weight plant (129.03%) by the control plant. Based on N-15 isotope technique analysis showed that the significantly contribution to increase N plant was found in ABC treatment (67.92%).
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