Innovation policies are currently one of the main axes for improving the efficiency of national economies in developed and developing countries. The innovation policy includes a comprehensive system of activities. In Russia, increasing the specific weight of commercial entities engaged in innovative activities is among the most important objectives for the short term. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of innovation based on taking into account the specific weight of organizations that perform innovations in the total number of organizations operating in the regions of Russia. Our study was based on official statistical information on the 82 regions of Russia for 2017-2019. Economic-mathematical models have been developed that describe the specific weight of the organizations that implement innovation. There are no significant changes in the indicators for the years indicated. It has been shown that, to date, almost one in five organizations in the Russian Federation has used innovation in their activities. In addition, they have identified the regions with maximum and minimum values of the specific weightings of innovative organizations for 2019.
Aim of the study is to evaluate the indicators describing the level of solo entrepreneurship among women and men who are beginning entrepreneurs in different countries. Empirical data provided in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Project for fifty-nine countries were used as initial information in calculations. Economic and mathematical modeling was based on development of density functions normal distribution. In the study, three indicators describing solo entrepreneurship in 59 countries were evaluated: share of solo entrepreneurs-women in the total number of women who participate in the creation of their own businesses in different countries; share of solo entrepreneurs-men in total number of men who participate in creation of their own businesses in different countries; ratio of the above-mentioned shares of solo entrepreneurs of women and men. Average values and ranges of changes in considered indicators were determined, which are typical for most countries. In addition, national economies that are characterized by high and low values of each of the three indicators were identified. The study showed that there is a gender gap in the values of indicators in most countries. It is proved that share of women involved in solo entrepreneurship in most countries is higher than that of men.
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