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Student proclivity to start a venture can be affected not only by the university environment where they are exposed to entrepreneurship, but also by perceptions of how desirable entrepreneurial behavior is considered to be in a given society. Based on an embeddedness perspective, and using a sample of students from 26 countries and 489 universities, evidence is produced of significant positive relationships between both curricular and co-curricular programing and student start-up activities, with specific cultural dimensions moderating these impacts. University seed funds for students negatively impact the scope of start-up activities. Implications are drawn for educators and policy makers.

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Address: 1/3 Volkhovsky per., 199004 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.Abstract. The study aims to assess how different types of entrepreneurial capital provided by universities affect student involvement in entrepreneurship. The role of university is analyzed from the embeddedness perspective, where purposeful behavior is largely affected by network relationship and the trust that exists in such relationship. We used data of the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS) as empirical basis for research. A hierarchical regression data analysis revealed that university initiatives to develop human and social capital influenced positively the extent to which students were engaged in entrepreneurship, while financial capital provided by universities had negative effects. We also investigated the moderating effects of previous business experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. It was found that previous experience was able to weaken the relationship between all the three types of resources provided by university with the scope of student start-up activities, including the negative effect of access to financial capital. Meanwhile, entrepreneurial self-efficacy intensifies this negative effect and diminishes the positive effects of university support for human and social capital development.

The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is a topic of considerable academic and practical interest, but there has been little research in the context of transition economies. This paper contributes to this field by examining the influence of aspects of the domestic institutional business environment on the degree of internationalization of SMEs in transition economies. Based on a dataset from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey 2009, the authors examine whether specific factors in the regulatory and administrative system affect the degree of SME internationalization, and propose a series of hypotheses. The findings highlight the significant role of tax rates, tax administration and corruption in the internationalization process, and demonstrate the importance of institutional factors for SMEs from transition economies.

In this paper, we use a social support perspective and hypothesize that the scope of start-up activities is positively associated with two types of instrumental family support, financial and social capital. We further argue that the effect of instrumental family support is enhanced by the level of emotional support, in the form of family cohesiveness. To test our hypotheses, we draw from the 2011 Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS), a survey of university students from 19 countries. We focus on those nascent entrepreneurs who are in the process of starting their new venture (n = 12,399). Our findings indicate that family social capital is positively associated with the scope of start-up activities, family financial capital is negatively associated with the scope of start-up activities, and family cohesiveness amplifies the effect of family social capital on the scope of start-up activities. Theoretical, practitioner, and public policy implications are discussed.

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