The present paper considers the role of orthodontic treatment and prosthetics in the recovery period after surgical treatment of an injury to the maxillofacial area. Analyzing the sources within the framework of the research topic, the author cconcludes tthat surgical treatment of maxillofacial trauma and postoperative rehabilitation often requires an interdisciplinary approach, which makes it a difficult task. This is due to the fact that these injuries usually affect several structures of the oral cavity and face, including hard and soft tissues, often causing malocclusion. Thus, the clinical picture and the appropriate treatment strategy may vary greatly from one person to another. Therefore, before drawing up a final treatment plan, a thorough and thoughtful multidisciplinary assessment of each patient is necessary.
Over recent decades, multiple data were accumulated on immunotropic activity of Bifidum flora, based on effects of these bacteria on isolated lymphoid follicles, dendritic cells, B-cell aggregates, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as participation of bifidoflora in the recognition of non-self during the development of microsymbiocenosis. The relevance of research in the field is associated both with fundamental issues of human host/microbiota symbiosis, but also with the prospects of practical application of the knowledge gained towards design of probiotics that affect the immune system. This article presents the results concerning effects of supernatant and bacterial cells of Bifidobacterium bifidum 791 (B. bifidum 791) strain in the model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs). We used the reference strain B. bifidum 791 (Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms from the GosNII Genetika Federal State Enterprise, Deposition No. AS-1247), which is used in production of the probiotic drug Bifidumbacterin (CJSC Ecopolis, Kovrov). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood of 20 healthy donors. MNCs were stained with monoclonal antibodies for CD4, CD8, CD3, CD25, CD69, CD56 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Analysis of the cellular subsets was performed by multicolor flow cytometry with Cytomics FC500 instrument (Beckman Coulter, USA). The experiments were carried out in duplicate. The studies have shown that probiotic strains have an activating and modulating effect upon immunocompetent cells. The studied B. bifidum 791 strain had an immunomodulatory effect on the cells of nonspecific and adaptive immunity: it increased the percentage of CD69+ cells in the subpopulation of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes, CD69 (%) and CD25 (%) NK cells, and promoted activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. The supernatant of bifidobacteria had a more pronounced effect on MNCs. E.g., it increased the expression of CD69 by Th cells, induced the expression of CD25 by T cytotoxic cells, and increased the CD69 and CD25 expression (%) by NK cells compared to B. bifidum 791 bacterial cells. These data contribute to understanding the mechanisms of immunoregulatory influence of normobiota (in the Bifidobacteria models) by formation of symbiotic interactions microbiota host and contribute to the development of a new research area, i.e., infectious symbiology. Further study of immunomodulatory activity of bifidoflora has the prospectives of searching and selection of Bifidobacteria strains, in order to create new targeted probiotic preparations.
In the dermatological community there is no consensus regarding the role of infectious factors in the origin, course, exacerbation of psoriasis. the authors conducted a study on frequency of detection, quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota of the skin, mucous membranes of the throat and nose of patients with various forms of psoriasis, the relationship with the clinical picture. The goal of the study was to examine of the composition of the microbiota of the skin, the mucous membranes of the throat and nose of patients with various forms of psoriasis compared with healthy individuals. Materials and methods: inducted bacteriological examination of the surface of psoriatic elements, the contents of the pustules, the mucous membranes of the throat and nose in 49 patients, of them with generalized pustular psoriasis, palmoplantar pustular psoriasis, common exudative psoriasis, and vulgar psoriasis, mainly affecting the palms and soles. Was to study the intensity of the sensation of itching in patients on a 10 - points scale. Results: bacteriological examination of pathological lesions on the skin in patients with various forms of psoriasis highlighted various microorganisms in the diagnostically relevant concentrations with a predominance of gold and epidermal staphylococci. Shows the functional, statistically significant relations hip between the degree of intensity of itching and frequency of detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: detection of diagnostically significant quantities of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms with a predominance of gold and epidermal staphylococci shows the possible role of infection in the development of immune inflammation in psoriasis. this regularity of the intensity of itching and detection of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the skin of patients with psoriasis may be an important factor in the current understanding of the significance of the role of infection in the development and course of psoriasis.
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