We propose a phase model to study cascade failure in power grids composed of
generators and loads. If the power demand is below a critical value, the model
system of power grids maintains the standard frequency by feedback control. On
the other hand, if the power demand exceeds the critical value, an electric
failure occurs via step out (loss of synchronization) or voltage collapse. The
two failures are incorporated as two removal rules of generator nodes and load
nodes. We perform direct numerical simulation of the phase model on a
scale-free network and compare the results with a mean-field approximation.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
A phase model with feedback control is studied as a dynamical model of power grids. As an example, we study a model network corresponding to the power grid in the Kyushu region. The standard frequency is maintained by the mutual synchronization and the feedback control. Electric failures are induced by an overload. We propose a local feedback method in which the strength of feedback control is proportional to the magnitude of generators. We find that the electric failures do not occur until the utilization ratio is close to 1 under this feedback control. We also find that the temporal response for the time-varying input power is suppressed under this feedback control. We explain the mechanisms using the corresponding global feedback method.
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