Аim-to assess the effect of chronic hypoxia on the development of the reproductive glands of the fetus of rats in experiment. Material and Methods-In the work, 10 white outbred female rats aged 4 to 10 months with a weight of 200 ± 30 g were used. Laboratory animals were divided into 2 experimental groups, 5 rats in each. The first (experimental) group underwent hypoxia throughout the entire pregnancy (21 days). Modeling of hypoxia was carried out in accordance with the technique of N.N. Karkischenko (2010). The second (control) group was not exposed to any treatment throughout the entire pregnancy. Results-There was a decrease in body weight in the offspring of the experimental group as compared to the control group.Histological examination of testicular tissue showed a significant decrease in the number of tubules in the field of vision, a decrease in the diameter and area of the tubules, with a simultaneous increase in the stroma area, a decrease in the proliferative potential, and an increase in the apoptosis of gonocytes, Leydig and Sertoli cells in the experimental group. Conclusion-as a result of the conducted studies it was found that hypoxia in the antenatal period adversely affects the number and somatometric parameters of newborn rats in the offspring. Histological examination of testicular tissue showed a significant decrease in the number of tubules in the field of vision, a decrease in the diameter and area of the tubules, with a simultaneous increase in the stromal area, a decrease in the proliferative potential, and an increase in the apoptosis of gonocytes, Leydig and Sertoli cells in the test group rats. This indicates a delay and impaired tissue development testicles in conditions of hypoxia already in the antenatal period.
A 46,XY ovotesticular disorder of sexual development is a rare variant of pathological gonadal differentiation. A 15-month-old patient had ambiguous external genitalia, no palpable gonads, and the 46,XY karyotype. The uterus was detected by imaging of the lesser pelvis. Gonads resided on the fallopian tubes and macroscopically resembled ovotestes: each gonad consisted of two compartments separated by a connective tissue interlayer. Histological examination showed that one gonadal portion consisted for ovarian tissue, was differentiated into the cortical and medullary matter, and contained primordial follicles with pronounced dystrophic changes. The remaining portions consisted of immature tubular epithelium with proliferative cellular changes. The decision about bringing up as a female with possible adaptation during puberty was justified in this case. The surgical approach was selected on the basis of histological examination and a decision on performing gonadectomy was made.
Intrauterine hypoxia has a destabilizing effect on the processes of proliferation and differentiation of the spermatogenic epithelium, interstitial endocrinocytes, activates the processes of angiogenesis and the growth of connective tissue. All this can involve not only gonadal dysgenesis, but also future reproductive dysfunction. Hypoxia stimulates the expression of VEGF, whose receptors are present in almost all testicular cell populations. It can be assumed that VEGF can act as a paracrine regulator of Leydig cell activity, also as an inducer of angiogenesis, and thus play a certain role in the development of male fertility.
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