The reported annual temperature increase and significant precipitation drop in Armenia impact the country’s ecosystems and biodiversity. The present study surveyed the geographical distribution of the local wild beet species under the ongoing climate change conditions. We showed that B. lomatogona, B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza are sensitive to climate change and were affected to various degrees, depending on their location. The most affected species was B. lomatogona, which is at the verge of extinction. Migration for ca. 90 and 200–300 m up the mountain belt was recorded for B. lomatogona and B. macrorhiza, respectively. B. corolliflora was found at 100–150 m lower altitudes than in the 1980s. A general reduction in the beet’s population size in the native habitats was observed, with an increased number of plants within the populations, recorded for B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza. A new natural hybrid Beta x intermedium Aloyan between B. corolliflora and B. macrorhiza was described and confirmed using chloroplast DNA trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (LF) and partially sequenced alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of nuclear DNA. An overview of the wild beets reported in Armenia with the taxonomic background, morphological features, and distribution is provided. Conservation measures for preservation of these genetic resources are presented.
The implemented research was aimed to evaluate the biological and economic indicators of the studied varieties of zucchini, to introduce the most valuable and high-yielding variety into production. Expert studies were conducted in 2021-2022 in the Taghavard community of the Martuni region of the Republic of Artsakh, located at an altitude of 600m above sea level. Anna (control), Adana and Zartonk zucchini varieties were studied. Each cultivar was planted in a 50 m2 plot with four replications. In each plot, 123 plants were planted in two rows of 10 m length, with 90+70 cm inter-row and 45 cm inter-plant distance. During the vegetation period, feeding with the norm of N 45 was done twice. Breeding varieties were evaluated according to growth and development stages, duration of vegetation, resistance to diseases and pests, and yield indicators. According to research, the Adana and Zartonk have a relatively long vegetation period (72 and 73 days), and the Adana (510 cent/ha) stands out in terms of crop structural elements and yield indicators. Adana and Zartonk are relatively resistant to diseases, and the difference in pest infestation is insignificant. Adana surpassed both Anna and Zartonk in terms of fruit percentage. It exceeded the high-yield control by 135 cent/ha, at the same time, with high economic efficiency, it provided 135 cent/ha crop addition and AMD 420.000 additional profit per hectare. It is recommended to cultivate the Adana zucchini variety in the sub-mountainous zone of the Artsakh Republic.
Identifying the variability of plant genetic resources and selecting valuable genotypes is one of the most important problems in plant growing and plant breeding. The research results show that per their morphological and phylogenetic indices the beetroot populations are combined in 2 varieties: Egyptian flat and Bordeaux 237, those of sugar beet – in 1 variety: Belotserkovskaya singleseeded, and fodder beet – in the variety of Yellow Eckendorf. Each of the studied populations has certain advantages per its economic and ecological characteristics, which can be further used in beet breeding.
BioDATA is an international project on developing skills in biodiversity data management and data publishing. Between 2018 and 2021, undergraduate and postgraduate students from Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, and Ukraine, have an opportunity to take part in the intensive courses to become certified professionals in biodiversity data management. They will gain practical skills and obtain appropriate knowledge on: international data standards (Darwin Core); data cleaning software, data publishing software such as the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT), and preparation of data papers. Working with databases, creating datasets, managing data for statistical analyses and publishing research papers are essential for the everyday tasks of a modern biologist. At the same time, these skills are rarely taught in higher education. Most of the contemporary professionals in biodiversity have to gain these skills independently, through colleagues, or through supervision. In addition, all the participants familiarize themselves with one of the important international research data infrastructures such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The project is coordinated by the University of Oslo (Norway) and supported by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The project is funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (DIKU).
Squash is cultivated almost in all agricultural zones of Armenia; anyhow, the agrotechnology of its cultivation is not sufficiently studied yet. The squash hybrid Aral F1 has been selected as a study subject for the research work. The effect of different times of seedling emergence under film coating on the squash growth, development and yield indicators has been studied. Upon the scientific experiments it has been found out that for the early squash harvest in conditions of Ararat valley the seedlings of Aral F1 or other similar hybrids should be planted under the film-coated area in the first decade of March, which will enable to harvest a rather high squash yield.
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