Democracy and democratization are a spectrum of universal values that describe a condition regarding community involvement in a country's government and political systems. One of the pillars that can be used as a measure of democracy and the democratization process is the presence of the role of civil society because one of its functions is to represent the involvement of the community in participating and criticizing government policies. One interesting topic to discuss regarding the role of civil society is its efforts to restore the democratic system when the authoritarian regime rises to power. This study aims to examine the process of empowering civil society under authoritarian leadership by taking a case study in Myanmar. By using qualitative methods, this research uses secondary data by elaborating the study of literature, documents, and other sources related to the role of civil society in Myanmar. The results of this study indicate that the contribution of the civil society under the authoritarian regime of Myanmar faces enormous challenges. However, it still has the potential to support the democratization process by underpinning civil society with three processes: decreasing multiethnicity segregation, gaining support from INGOs, and strengthening backup from the young generation.
The logo named iB stands for Islamic Banking, popularized as a common identity marker for the Islamic Banking industry in Indonesia. The use of this common identity aims to make people easily and quickly recognize the availability of Islamic Banking services throughout Indonesia. Santri itself can be defined as a cultural "stream" of people within the population of Java who practice a more orthodox version of Islam; they tend to be oriented to the mosque, the Quran and perhaps to Islamic canon law (Sharia). This research aims to determine the santri's perception toward iB's logo especially about the visual symbols and product image, to drive them to use Islamic Banking products. This research also studies the synchronization between the visual symbol of iB's logo and iB's product image in santri's perspective. It is analyzed using regression modelling in SPSS 18 software. The regression analysis technique was performed on the data and results interpreted accordingly. 100 copies of a questionnaire were distributed, 31 usable copies were subsequently collected. The results showed that in general the visual symbol of the iB logo negatively influenced santri's perception to use Islamic Banking products, but the product image of Islamic Banking significantly and positively influenced santri's perception to use Islamic Banking products.
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