<p>Identification of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.<br />oryzae (Xoo) based on molecular analysis has been<br />introduced just few years ago. This method used some<br />specific primers for Xoo and can be done quickly. The<br />purposes of this research were to identify isolate Xoo<br />originated from five locations in Indonesia and to determine<br />the level of pathogenicity of these bacteria. Studies were<br />conducted in the greenhouse and the Molecular Biology<br />Laboratory of ICABIOGRAD, from 2011 to 2012. Bacterial<br />isolates were taken from five regions in Indonesia, namely:<br />West Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, South Sulawesi, and<br />West Kalimantan. The specific primers of Xoo were<br />Xoo2967, Xoo80, and Xoo. Results showed that 216 isolates<br />could be grown to form yellow colored colonies, which<br />belongs to a criterian for Xoo. Molecular analysis<br />demonstrated that 189 isolates were Xoo and 27 isolates<br />were not. Amplification of DNA of the isolates resulted a 337<br />bp PCR product for primer Xoo2976, 700 bp for primer<br />Xoo80 and 534 bp for primer Xoo. Pathogenicity tests of the<br />Xoo isolates showed xa5, Xa7, and Xa21 resistance genes<br />were still effective againts BLB pathogens originated from<br />those five regions, with percentage of resistance were 93.57,<br />77.49, and 85.37%, respectively.</p>
Early-maturing and high-yielding rice variety is very useful for increasing rice production in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to develop new lines of Indonesian rice containing Hd2 gene using Code variety as a recipient parent and Nipponbare variety as a donor parent through targetted MAB approach using RM1362 and RM7601 in chromosom 7 for foreground selection. After two generations of backcrossing, the positive alleles of Hd2 gene from Nipponbare had successfully trans-ferred into Code. The plant number CdNp_29 in BC2F2 popula-tion had the highest genome recovery of 82.7%. The twelve BC2F3 plants were selected for self-pollination to generate BC2F4. These selected lines that carried the Hd2 gene were screened in the greenhouse for the evaluation of heading date and agronomic traits. All improved lines had Hd2 gene similar to the donor parent Nipponbare. The heading date of the breeding lines ranged from 73 to 89 days (Code 85 days) or fill the third criterion of rice maturity that is 103-104 days compared to Code of 116-119 days, whereas their agronomic performances were similar with that of Code. Application of MABc for im-proving rice early maturity has accelerated the development and selection in early generation of superior lines having genetic background of Code. It is expected that the newly developed lines of Code will be utilized to increase rice production in Indonesia.
ABSTRAK Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting selain padi dan jagung. Perakitan dan pengembangan varietas unggul berperan penting dalam meningkatkan produksi. Salah satu sumber daya genetik kedelai yang dapat digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul adalah varietas introduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi yang berasal dari berbagai negara menggunakan 15 marka mikrosatelit. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB Biogen, Januari-Maret 2016. Hasil analisis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diberi skor data biner dan dianalisis menggunakan NTSYS dan power marker. Karakter morfologi spesifik setiap kultivar menetukan keragaman genetik. Korelasi positif signifikan diidentifikasi pada beberapa karakter morfologi yang bermanfaat dalam program pemuliaan dengan kombinasi karakter target. Sebanyak 189 alel berhasil dideteksi dengan kisaran 6-23 alel/lokus, rata-rata 12,6 alel/marka. Nilai PIC menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme berkisar antara 0,76 (GmES1424) hingga 0,95 (Satt100) dengan rata-rata 0,86. Sebanyak 12 marka yang memiliki nilai PIC >0,80 menunjukkan kemampuan dalam mendiskriminasi kultivar kedelai. Frekuensi alel utama rata-rata 21% dengan nilai tertinggi 39% (Satt125) dan terendah 8% (Satt100). Lima marka SSR mampu mendiskriminasi genotipe heterozigot dengan nilai heterozigositas antara 0,41 (SoyF3H) hingga 0,82 (Satt333). Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan 35 kultivar kedelai introduksi memisah menjadi dua klaster utama, masing-masing 13 dan 22 kultivar pada koefisien 0,82 berdasarkan latar belakang genetik. Marka mikrosatelit dan informasi keragaman genetik pada penelitian ini bermanfaat mengarahkan persilangan kedelai dengan memanfaatkan material genetik introduksi. ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Meriil) is an important crop next to rice and corn. The development of improved variety are important to increase national soybean production. The introduced soybean varieties is one of genetic resources that can be used to create improved soybean varieties. The aim of this study was to analyze 35 introduced soybean cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers. The research was conducted in ICABIOGRAD Molecular Biology Laboratory, in January-March 2016. PCR analysis was scored as binary data and the collected data was analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker. Specific morphological characters from each soybean cultivar determine the genetic diversity. Significant positive correlations were identified among morphological characters which would be helpful to improve the desired character. The result showed that 189 alleles were detected with average of 12.6 alleles per marker. The polymorphism level (PIC) was 0.86 (0.76-0.95). There were 12 of total markers having PIC>0.80 indicating their robustness to discriminating soybean cultivars. The average major allele frequency was 21% and ranges from 8% (Satt100) to 39% (Satt125). Five SSRs were able to distinguish heterozygosity which varied from 0.41 (SoyF3H) to 0.82 (Satt333). The ...
<p>Blast is one of major disease on the upland rice in Indonesia. Upland rice lines derived from Kasalath and NILC443 crosses, containing Pup1 gen locus had been developed and evaluated for P fertilizer efficiency. Those lines would be evaluated for blast resistance, due to the fact that Pup1 locus contains genes involved in plant defend mechanism to disease, including blast disease. The BC2F5 plants derived from six crosses (DK, DN, SK, SN, BK, BN) were used in this research. Responses to blast disease in the green house were evaluated at ICABIOGRAD Bogor from March to April 2011, using combination of three blast races (race 173, 033, and 133). The response to blast disease in the field was evaluated at Taman Bogo Research Station, Lampung, and at farmer’s field in Cikeusal Village, Banten, from January to April 2011. Molecular analysis to trace Pup1 gene locus was conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, using specific primer K20-2, from January to August 2013. Based on the molecular analysis all Pup1 lines showed homozygoes alleles, except the heterozygoes alleles on SK7, SK8, SK15, SK16, BN8 line, which were then not included in the next planting. The responses to blast at greenhouse among lines varied, but the Pup1 lines were mostly at level of moderate resistan (AT). Based on the result from the field experiment, most of Pup1 lines were resistance, however the susceptible check plant (Kencana Bali) did not show blast fungus infection. Differences of the result might be due to the blast testing at the green house which was more favorable for blast fungal growth. The effect of Pup1 gene locus showed clearly on resistance of plants obtained from Situ Bagendit cross, where Situ Bagendit was susceptible and does not contain the Pup1 locus. Additional of Pup1 locus in Situ Bagendit genome had increased the degree of resistant to blast.</p>
Mangga merupakan salah satu buah penting di Indonesia. Tanaman mangga dapat menyerbuk silang sehingga menyebabkan adanya varian-varian mangga dengan nama yang sama. Arumanis dan Gedong Gincu merupakan varietas mangga komersial Indonesia untuk memenuhi pasar dalam negeri maupun internasional. Selain kedua varietas tersebut terdapat mangga Gadung sebagai mangga komersial yang berkarakter mirip dengan Arumanis, oleh karena itu para pakar mangga terdahulu menyatakan bahwa mangga Gadung-21 sinonim dengan mangga Arumanis-143 sehingga mangga Gadung-21 tidak bisa dilepas sebagai varietas unggul baru. Pohon induk varietas tersebut telah dikoleksi di Kebun Percobaan Cukurgondang dan dalam koleksi tersebut terdapat beberapa klon mangga Arumanis, Gedong, dan Gadung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman genetik 11 klon mangga komersial Indonesia berdasarkan marka mikrosatelit. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah 11 klon mangga yang meliputi lima klon mangga Arumanis, dua klon mangga Gadung, dan empat klon mangga Gedong yang berasal dari Kebun Percobaan Cukurgondang, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian dari bulan Januari sampai bulan November 2014. Marka yang digunakan ialah 30 marka mikrosatelit. Analisis kesamaan menggunakan koefisien Dice, sedangkan pengelompokan mangga menggunakan metode UPGMA yang ada di dalam program NTSYS 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pasang klon mangga dari 11 yang diuji, yakni Arumanis-143 dengan Arumanis-205, Gadung-21 dengan Arumanis-135, dan Gadung-185 dengan Arumanis-151. Ketiga pasang klon mangga tersebut memiliki tingkat kesamaan lebih dari 90%. Keragaman klon mangga Gedong sangat tinggi, terbukti dari variasi pola pita yang muncul dalam analisis DNA. Mangga Gadung-21 terbukti sinonim dengan mangga Arumanis-135 bukan dengan Arumanis -143.
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