Airway epithelial cells (AECs) form polarized barriers that interact with inhaled allergens and are involved in immune homeostasis. We examined how monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) are affected by contact with the airway epithelium. In traditional setups, bronchial epithelial cell lines were allowed to polarize on filter inserts, and MDDCs were allowed to adhere to the epithelial basal side. In an optimized setup, the cell application was reversed, and the culture conditions were modified to preserve cellular polarization and integrity. These two parameters were crucial for the MDDCs' immunoregulatory properties; thus, previous observations obtained using traditional setups should be considered with caution. Using the optimized setup, AEC conditioning of MDDCs led to increased expression of programmed death 1 ligand 1, immunoglobulin-like transcript 3, CD40, CD80, and CD23. This increased expression was accompanied by decreased secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and eotaxin and donor-variable effects on IL-12 and IL-10 secretion. Conditioning varied between maturation states and depended partly on direct contact between AECs and MDDCs. The setup allowed MDDCs on the basal side of the epithelium to sample allergens administered to the apical side. Allergen uptake depended on polarization and the nature of the allergen. AEC conditioning led to decreased birch allergen-specific proliferation of autologous T cells and a trend toward decreased secretion of the Th2-specific cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. In conclusion, we determined that AEC conditioning favoring cellular integrity leads to a tolerogenic MDDC phenotype, which is likely to be important in regulating immune responses against commonly inhaled allergens.
This work demonstrates that MALDI-TOFMS can be used for direct determination of the binding of surfactant lipids to nanoparticles and represents an important initial step towards a simple and quantitative in vitro method for assessment of interactions of nanoparticles with lung surfactants.
Kidney transplantation from a large donor to a small recipient, as in pediatric transplantation, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and DGF. We established a porcine model for renal transplantation from an adult donor to a small or size-matched recipient with a high risk of DGF and studied GFR, RPP using MRI, and markers of kidney injury within 10 h after transplantation. After induction of BD, kidneys were removed from ∼63-kg donors and kept in cold storage for ∼22 h until transplanted into small (∼15 kg, n = 8) or size-matched (n = 8) recipients. A reduction in GFR was observed in small recipients within 60 min after reperfusion. Interestingly, this was associated with a significant reduction in medullary RPP, while there was no significant change in the size-matched recipients. No difference was observed in urinary NGAL excretion between the groups. A significant higher level of HO-1 mRNA was observed in small recipients than in donors and size-matched recipients indicating cortical injury. Improvement in early graft perfusion may be a goal to improve short- and long-term GFR and avoid graft thrombosis in pediatric recipients.
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