Disease intensity of blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) of Ciherang rice variety at the endemic location and its effect on yield lossBlast is one of the most important diseases of rice worldwide. Many countries have developed data on the intensity and yield loss due to blast disease, whereas Indonesia has no such data resulted from trial specifically designed to estimate blast intensity at the endemic location and its potential yield loss. Such data are needed for various purposes, such as for disease management policy and research background. A trial has been carried out at Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi, a location where blast was endemic for years, using var. Ciherang that is known as susceptible and widely grown by farmers. Eight concentrations of fungicide of single as well as mix active ingredients were used to see the effects in suppressing blast diseases compared with of control. Trial used a Randomized Block Design with 5 replicates. The parameters observed were the intensity of leaf blast, neck blast and yield. The results showed that the disease intensity of var. Ciherang at the endemic location was 55.60% of leaf blast and 37.75% of neck blast. The potency of yield loss calculated was 3.65 ton/ha or equal with 61% of the average yield of var. Ciherang as described in its variety description. This number justifies the important of control measures of rice blast diseases.Keywords: Blast disease intensity, var. Ciherang, Potency of yield lossABSTRAKPenyakit blas merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada tanaman padi di seluruh dunia. Berbagai negara sudah memiliki data tentang intensitas dan kehilangan hasil padi oleh penyakit blas, sementara di Indonesia belum ada hasil pengujian yang khusus dirancang untuk melihat tingkat intensitas penyakit blas di daerah endemik dan potensi kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkannya. Data sejenis ini penting untuk berbagai keperluan antara lain untuk kebijakan pengendalian dan dasar pentingnya penelitian. Suatu percobaan telah dilakukan di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi yang merupakan daerah endemik penyakit blas selama bertahun-tahun, menggunakan var Ciherang yang merupakan varietas rentan namun populer ditanam petani. Delapan bahan aktif fungisida berbahan aktif tunggal dan majemuk digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh penekanannya dibandingkan kontrol. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit blas daun dan blas leher malai serta hasil padi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intensitas penyakit blas pada tanaman padi var. Ciherang di daerah endemik adalah 55,60% untuk blas daun, dan 37,75% untuk blas leher malai. Potensi kehilangan hasil oleh gabungan penyakit blas pada var. Ciherang adalah 3,65 ton/ha atau setara dengan 61% kehilangan hasil jika dibandingkan terhadap rata-rata produksi var. Ciherang menurut spesifikasi varietas. Data ini menjustifikasi perlunya pengambilan tindakan pengendalian penyakit blas pada tanaman padi.Kata Kunci: Intensitas penyakit blas, var. Ciherang, Potensi kehilangan hasil
Multilocation experiments are the steps to determine the genotype stability being tested. Honey sweet potato is a superior agricultural product from West Java, Indonesia. High yield and sweetness are the important traits of the new honey sweet potato breeding lines. In this study, the sweetness level used was the soluble solid level (°brix). The goals of this study were to determine the effects of genotype by environment interactions (GEIs) and to select for storage root yield stability and sweetness among the new promising honey sweet potato lines. Field trials have been carried out using randomized completed block design, which was repeated thrice for the 16 genotypes, across six locations in West Java, Indonesia. To estimate GEIs, data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance. Storage root yield stability (t/ha) and sweetness (°brix) were estimated using parametric measurements, nonparametric measurements, and GGE biplot. The results showed that the genotype (G), environment (E), and GEIs have significant influences on storage root yield and sweetness. Two genotypes, SP3 and SP16, have been identified as the most stable ones with high yield and sweetness across several locations. These two superior genotypes are recommended as potential new honey sweet potato varieties for West Java, Indonesia.
An important pest in corn plantation recently reported in Indonesia was Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest that have a fast spread rate and caused high damage on young corn. One control that able to use is botanical insecticide. This experiment aims to determine the toxicity of neem, jatropha, clove, and citronella oil (concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05%) against S. frugiferda in corn. Tests carried out using the feeding assay or residue on corn leaves (size 5 x 5 cm). Then, the leaf treatment was given to 10 larvae of S. frugiferda (instars 2) for 48 hours. After that, the feed replaced with untreated feed. The test results showed that concentration neem oil of 0.1% caused the highest mortality of S. frugiferda. Neem oil exposure is also able to inhibit the time of larval development, reduce the percentage of feed consumption, and the weight of pupa the S. frugiferda. Other vegetable oils exposure gave lower mortality in the test insects and some treatments were not significantly different from the controls on the parameters of larval development, pupae weight, and percentage of feed consumption. Neem oils showed strong toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae with Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of 0.079 % (CI (95%) 0.066 – 0.095%) and LC95 of 0.338% (CI (95%) 0.024-0.567%).
Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) is widely used as traditional medicine, kitchen spice, and natural dyes in Indonesia. The demand and popularity of this plant is increasing; however, the national supply is still low. Turmeric breeding and crop improvement in Indonesia are needed to boost the national turmeric production. Exploration of turmeric from various areas in Indonesia is a prior step of turmeric breeding. Phenotypic diversity and relationship analysis of an early population can be used as a basis for consideration in plant development and breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to estimate phenotypic diversity and relationship of local turmeric accessions from Indonesia. Raw data analysis was conducted after standardization using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) to determine phenotypic diversity and relationship among the newly collected genetic resources. The data in this article showed broad phenotypic diversity with plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves on main shoot, petiole length, lamina length, lamina width, number of mother rhizome, total rhizome weight, weight per shoot, pseudostem habit, leaf margin, and rhizome habit as distinguishing traits among the collection. PCA also resulted cumulative variation percentage of 70.73%. In addition, HCA resulted two main groups with the Euclidean range of 0.31—2.97.
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