: Sleep is considered as one of the most important aspect for maintaining a healthy life. For a person to function normally at least 6-8 hours of sleep daily is necessary. Sleep not only affects our mood, but also regulates the efficiency of work done. Many complications arise due to inadequacy of sleep. The unhealthy food and lifestyle choices have made us more prone to sleep disorders. The medications which are used for the treatment of sleep disorders are mainly habit forming and have tendencies of withdrawal symptoms. This inadequacy in medication has lead to search for newer, better options. The field of nutraceuticals fits apt for treating such disorders. The quality of being non-toxic, non-habit forming, and being practically more efficient has had made it an excellent option. Nutraceuticals make use of food or part of food for the treatment or to prevent any disease. Remarkable positive effects of nutraceuticals like Caffeine, Chamomile, Kava kava, Cherries and Cherry juice, L tryptophan, Valerian, Vitamin D, Marijuana, melatonin, Lemon balmhad been mentioned in the treatment of sleep disorders. The present review gives a general overview of nutraceuticals and discusses their use in sleep disorders.
Nitric oxide synthesized in endothelial cells that line blood vessels, was first described in 1980 as an endothelium derived vascular relaxing factor. It is an important signalling molecule in various pathological and physiological processes. Dysfunction of NO formation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders. Exogenous NO sources constitute a powerful way to supplement NO when the body cannot generate enough for normal biological functions. Furoxan, 1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide, has been a very important scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry as nitric oxide (NO) donor. This article explores some of the most promising recent advances in NO donor drug development. Major focus is placed on recently developed Furoxan derivatives as NO donors and their pharmacological actions.
: Neurodegenerative diseases are complex disorders that cause neuron loss, brain aging and ultimately lead to death. These diseases are difficult to treat because of the complex nature of the nervous system and the available medicines are not able to heal them effectively. This fact implies the needs for novel therapeutics to be designed that are ready to stop or a minimum of retard the neurodegeneration process. These days, computer assisted drug design (CADD) approaches are a passage to extend the drug development efficiency and to reduce time and cost because traditional drug discovery is both time-consuming as well as costly. Computational or in silico methods came up with powerful tools in drug design against neurodegenerative diseases. This review presents the approaches and theoretical basis of CADD. Also, the successful applications of various in silico studies, including homology modeling, molecular docking, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), molecular dynamic (MD), De Novo drug design, Pharmacophore-based drug design, Virtual Screening (VS), LIGPLOT Analysis, In silico ADMET and drug safety prediction, for treating neurodegenerative diseases have also been included in this review. Major emphasis is given to the Alzheimer’s disease and the Parkinson’s disease because these two are the most familiar neurodegenerative diseases.
Breast cancer (BC), an intricate and highly heterogeneous disorder, has presently afflicted 2.09 million females globally. Chemoresistance remains a paramount challenge in the treatment of BC. Owing to its assorted nature, the chemoresistant mechanisms of BC still need intensive research. Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormalities related to the biogenesis of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with BC progression and chemoresistance. The presently available interventions are inadequate to target chemoresistance, therefore more efficient alternatives are urgently needed to improvise existing therapeutic regimens. A myriad of strategies is being explored, such as immunotherapy, gene therapy, and combination treatment to surmount chemoresistance. Additionally, nanoparticles as chemotherapeutic carriers put forward the options to encapsulate numerous drugs, alone as well as in combination for cancer theranostics. This review summarizes the chemoresistance mechanisms of miRNAs and CSCs as well as the most recently documented therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chemoresistance in BC. By unraveling the underpinning mechanism of BC chemoresistance, researchers could possibly develop more efficient treatment strategies towards BC.
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