Introduction: Pregnancy is a very important event from both social and medical points of view. Therefore, pregnant women should receive special care and attention from the family, community and from the health care system. Antenatal care is a key entry point for pregnant women to receive a broad range of health promotion and preventive health services. Thus, the objective was to assess timing of first antenatal care visit and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Halaba Kulito Town governmental health institutions, Halaba Special districts. Methods and materials:Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March 18-April 16, 2015. Systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A total of 249 women were participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire; entered in and cleaned using SPSS version 20. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out and independent variables which have effect on the outcome variable were determined at 95% confidence interval with p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant variables. Result:The study indicated that 27.1% of the respondents started antenatal care follow up timely (≤12 weeks). The median duration of pregnancy at first antenatal care visit was 4.3 month (18.3 weeks). Mothers whose age 26 and below(COR 4.04,95% CI: 1.51, 5.50), previous antenatal care use (COR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.99), having decision power on current antenatal care use (COR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.45, 6.30), urine test as means of pregnancy recognition (COR 5.18,95%CI: 2.74,9.81), mothers' perceived right time(COR 2.48, 95%CI:1.01,6.09) and getting information when to book (COR 2.55, 95%CI:1.33, 4.87) have shown significant association with timely booking. Conclusion:The proportion of pregnant mothers who practiced timely booking is low and therefore every effort should be made to organize and implement community based information education and communication on antenatal care and its right time of commencement at all level.

Background: Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk HPV infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1–March 30. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human HPV. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR=3.120; 95% CI (1.977-4.923)], Endline CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 [AOR=3.072; 95% CI(1.009-9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load >50 copies/ml [AOR=3.446; 95% CI(1.368-8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR=2.112; 95% CI(1.297-3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections. Conclusion: More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention

Background Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk human papillomavirus infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1–March 30, 2022. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.120; 95% CI (1.977–4.923)], Endline CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 [AOR = 3.072; 95% CI(1.009–9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load ≥ 50 copies/ml [AOR = 3.446; 95% CI(1.368–8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 2.112; 95% CI(1.297–3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections. Conclusion More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention.