Prevalence of high-risk Human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facility, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk HPV infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1–March 30. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human HPV. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR=3.120; 95% CI (1.977-4.923)], Endline CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 [AOR=3.072; 95% CI(1.009-9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load >50 copies/ml [AOR=3.446; 95% CI(1.368-8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR=2.112; 95% CI(1.297-3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections. Conclusion: More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in outpatient Malian women living with HIV: a pilot study

“…Our study revealed that 42.6% (95% CI = 33-52.6%) of WLWHIV were tested positive for Hr-HPV. These findings align with results from several studies conducted across Africa, including Cameroon (46.43%) [27], Botswana (40.4%) [28], South Africa (36.7%) [29], Uganda (45%) [30], Zimbabwe (43%) [31], and Southern Ethiopia (35.2%) [32]. However, a study in Ghana reported a lower frequency of 14.5% [33].…”

Prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection and associated risk factors among women attending the gynecology and family planning clinic at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Gondar, Ethiopia

“…About seventy-four (22.1%) study participant women responded that they had a previous history of STI other than HPV, of which 32 (43.2%) were founded to be HPV positive. Hence the prevalence of HPV among study participants who had a previous history of STI was much higher than those study participants who did not have a previous history of STI (43.2% vs 5.0%), This nding was in line with reports from Shashemene, southern Ethiopia (20), Ethiopian Public health institute, Addis Ababa (7). A signi cant statical association was observed between a previous history of STI and HPV infection (AOR=14.43, 95%CI=6.31-32.99, P=0.001).…”

“…So the prevalence of HPV infection among HIV-positive women was much higher than those of HIV-negative women (20.3% vs 7.3%). This nding was supported by studies in Shashemene, southern Ethiopia (20), Nigeria (21), in Amazonas (22), in Tanzanian (23). There was a signi cant statical association between HIV infection and HPV prevalence (AOR=3.53,95%CI=1.46-8.54, P=0.005).…”

Precancerous cervical lesions and associated factors among women on antiretroviral therapy at Dukem Health Center, Central Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study

“…This finding is supported by studies conducted in the Amhara regional state and northwest Ethiopia 9,22 . The possible reason for this might be due to HPV infection is more prevalent in individuals with STIs and different STIs can facilitate HPV virus transmission 32,33 . Therefore, women having other STIs in addition to HIV should be checked for precancerous cervical lesions.…”

“…Studies carried undertaken in the southwest, 23 northwest, 22 and south of Ethiopia 35 corroborate this finding. Unprotected sexual contact is one way that HPV can spread from one person to another, which may account for the higher risk of HPV among women who have multiple sexual partners 32 . Therefore, in addition to counseling women to restrict the number of sexual partners to reduce the incidence of PCCL, health professionals who regularly provide care for HIV‐positive women should also recommend the VIA test.…”